The witches 1990 download torrent

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Did the Chandler family have it out for the Parkers? Thomas and his son William settled in Andover in the s. Public and private ties between William, Thomas, and the Parker brothers were manifest in the public records.

Nathan and William Chandler held the responsibility of laying out the land lots, and probably shared other public duties as well. The only hint of any fallout between the families came more than a decade before Joseph Parker's will.

On June 6, , Nathan Parker testified in an apprenticeship dispute between the Tylers and the Chandlers. Bad blood between the Chandler and Tyler families could have translated into problems between the Chandler and Parker families. This discord would have been worsened by the alliance between the Tyler and Parker families through Hannah Parker and John Tyler's marriage in This still does not seem enough to explain the Chandlers' involvement Perhaps after Nathan Parker's death in , neighborly tensions arose between Mary's inherited state and the bordering Chandler estate.

The existing records betray nothing further. Perhaps these speculated neighborly problems were coupled with the desire to distract attention from an internal scandal in the Chandler family. In Hannah and Daniel Bigsbee testified in the trial of Elizabeth Sessions, a single woman in Andover who claimed to be pregnant with the child of Hannah's brother Joseph.

The Bigsbees refuted her claim and insisted she carried the child of another man. The crisis of was a perfect opportunity for them to divert attention away from the scandal. When Mary Parker was arrested, they found the ideal candidate to take advantage of: her husband and her brother-in-law were no longer around to defend her and her young sons could not counter the power of the Chandlers.

After the initial indictments, Hannah Bigsbee and Sarah Phelps dropped from documented involvement in the case. Here, the documentation gets rather sloppy and confused.

Essex Institute archivists erroneously mixed much of the testimony from Alice Parker's case in with Mary Parker's. When the irrelevant material is extracted, there is very little left of the actual case.

Nothing else remains of Mary Parker case. It appeared that Mary's trial was over on September 16, She was executed only six days later. Evidence seems lacking. In essence, Mary was convicted almost solely from the testimony from two teenage confessors. Her examination, indictment, and grand inquest all took place expediently, and within one month, Mary was accused, convicted and executed. Her death seems irresponsible at the least, and even almost outrageous.

She was convicted with such little evidence, and even that seems tainted and misconstrued. The Salem trials did her no justice, and her treatment was indicative of the chaos and ineffectualness that had over taken the Salem trials by the fall of However, her treatment by historians is even less excusable. The records of her case are disorganized and erroneous, but what has been written about the case is even more misinformed.

Today it is impossible to exonerate the reputation of Mary Ayer Parker. The records that survive are too incomplete and confused. But perhaps we can acknowledge the possibility that amidst the fracas of , a truly innocent woman died as the result of sharing the unfortunate name "Mary Parker. John Proctor was an elderly man of 60 years of age when accused, tried, and hanged for practicing witchcraft in Maintaining his innocence until death, he challenged the court to reexamine the validity of spectral evidence.

Though it did not save him, his legacy is remembered in Arthur Miller's play The Crucible. Though not an historically accurate depiction, The Crucible does bring attention to the story of John Proctor and his struggle as an innocent man. Of all the literature focused on the Salem witch trials of , Arthur Miller's The Crucible is the only one to treat John Proctor as the main character. Proctor was a major figure to be put on trial and executed in the summer of And although his character in The Crucible is one of main significance, he is not portrayed in an historically accurate manner.

Though certain features of Proctor prevail and are consistent with the record, he is contrived to be approximately 30 years younger in the play than his actual age of approximately years-old in John Proctor was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts in to an established family of farmers.

His father had left him a large estate , and in , according to Boyer and Nissenbaum, Proctor moved near Salem Village. There, "he leased one of the largest farms of the area, 'Groton,' a acre spread lying immediately southeast of the Village line. Thus, along with establishing himself as a prosperous and wealthy farmer, Proctor also diversified his economic interests by owning and operating a tavern on Ipswich Road.

His economic standing was undoubtedly recognized within the community even though he held no official title. By the time of the witch trials of , Proctor was a well-established man of 60 years of age.

One of Arthur Miller's innovations in The Crucible is his description of Proctor as " a farmer in his middle thirties. Proctor is described on several occasions, from various sources as a strong-willed beast of a man.

Charles Upham writes, "He was a man of Herculean frame No one else had come as close as Proctor did to forcing the issue. Testimony against John Proctor revealed his true feelings of the trials. Thus it can be stated that John Proctor directly and on several occasions threatened the validity of the Court of Oyer and Terminer.

Regardless of the possible implications of such actions, his fellow inhabitants of Ipswich supported him after his arrest. The petition validates the character of John Proctor and his family. After receiving his sentence to die on Gallows Hill on August One of 19 victims hanged in , John Proctor embodies the legacy of innocence connected to the trials and executions of Proctor maintained his innocence until his death, all the while questioning the methods of the court and its acceptance of spectral evidence.

Because of his constant protest of the court proceedings, Arthur Miller found John Proctor to embody many qualities important to The Crucible.

Such a strong will to oppose the trials proved catastrophic for Proctor and in August of , he paid the ultimate price. Executed on Sept. Highlights from her trial included the usual testimony of the circle of accusing girls that Ann had afflicted them in "spectral" form.

John Best, Sr. Mary Warren went to the extreme of implicating Pudeator in the deaths of four people. Historian Carol Karlsen speculates that Pudeator may have been targeted due to her profession as a midwife that placed her in direct competition with male care providers, as well as her defiance of the Puritan female gender ideal of meekness and submission to male authority.

Although the details of Ann Pudeator's birth are unknown, it is estimated that she was between 70 and 75 when she was hanged, still protesting her innocence at the hands of false accusations. When Ann was arrested on May 12th , she was a twice-widowed woman of property in Salem Town. Although her testimony is well-documented in the transcripts of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, details of her origins before the trials of are largely unknown.

Ann is thought to have been born in England sometime between and She married her first husband, Thomas Greenslit also spelled Greenslade and had five children with him sometime before Her name appears for the first time in the public record of Salem Town on the certificate of inventory for the his estate following his death in Although the eventual whereabouts of each of her children remains almost as unknown as Ann's own activities, her eldest son Thomas Pudeator went on to play a central role in the trial of the Reverend George Burroughs.

He testified to the man's extraordinary feat of strength in lifting a gun at arm's length with just one finger in the barrel. In Salem Story, historian Bernard Rosenthal suggests that this may have been a last-ditch effort by Thomas to save his own mother from execution by appearing to join sides with the witch-hunters.

Ann was left destitute after her first husband died in , probably working in the paid profession of a midwife and nurse. Her name does not appear again until March of , when she is recorded as the wife of her neighbor Jacob Pudeator, a man about 20 years her junior. This unusual circumstance was calls attention to the fact that Ann had served as nurse to Jacob's first wife Isabel during her illness, and married Jacob less than a year after Isabel's unexplained death between Jacob, too, passed away in , leaving monetary bequests to each of Ann's five children, as well as the remainder of his property to Ann herself.

Afterwards, Ann occupied the rather precarious position of being a professional woman of property in a male-dominated society. Historian Carol F. Karlsen suggests that Ann became a prime target for allegations of witchcraft after she scolded John Best, Jr. Best claimed that "he did conclude said Pudeator was a witch" because she "would chide me when I came home from turning the cow back. She also implies that Ann's occupation of midwife, regardless of whether she earned money for this is not confirmed , may have threatened other male medical professionals in Salem Town, leading to accusations.

Birth was a risky act and filled with apprehension in that time period, loss of life during the process was often blamed on the malignant forces of the devil at work through witchcraft. Whatever the motivations for her accusers, a warrant for Ann Pudeator and another woman, Alice Parker, was written on May 12th Pudeator was brought to trial on July 2nd, Sarah Churchill was the first to accuse Ann of having tormented her, by appearing with the book of the devil and asking her to sign it.

She also accused Ann of having presented her with several images of accusing girls that she proceeded to torture like voodoo dolls with thorns. Five more of the circle of accusing girls confirmed these accusations - both Mary Warren and Ann Putnam falling into fits during Pudeator's examination and then being cured by a touch of Ann's hand. In addition to these displays, Elizabeth Hubbard, Mary Walcott, and Sarah Bibber also presented testimony that Pudeator had afflicted them through pinching, pressing and choking.

The constable Joseph Neal described his discovery of "curious containers of various ointments" suspected to have been associated with Ann's alleged witchcraft at her house upon her arrest, and asserted that she was an "ill-carriaged woman" whom he was convinced had adversely affected his wife in her service as midwife. During her examination Ann insisted that these jars were simply filled with Neat's Foot Oil. Incriminating evidence of Ann's relation to animal familiars was given by Samuel Pickworth, who related seeing a bird fly by one night as he walked upon Salem Street, and soon after noticing a woman coming out of Ann's home, presumably the same entity as the bird.

Throughout the trials, Ann remained consistent but relatively unassertive in her declrations of innocence. She insisted that she did not know her accusers, nor anything of the art of witchcraft. In response to curiosity about the ointments, she simply explained they were containers of grease to make her soap. Although her testimony in itself was not particularly noteworthy, her petition to the court, written before her death, merits acknowledgement for its simple denunciation of her accusers.

Particularly of note was her scathing addition that John Best Jr. In retrospect, this charge cast considerable doubt upon the validity of John's accusations, as well as the credibility of any court that would admit the testimony of a publicly acknowledged liar. Strangely enough, not one of Ann's children came to her defense during the trials.

Widowed and abandoned by her remaining kinfolk, Ann Pudeator, at that time somewhere between 70 and 75 years old, was hanged upon Gallows Hill on Sept. Piper, Deborah. Salem Witch Descendents ListServe. The witchcraft accusations and trial of Margaret Scott, executed on September 22nd, , long have been a mystery to historians. With the recently located depositions from her examination, the people, places, and events associated with Margaret Scott's trial can now be examined and the mystery surrounding her can be solved.

Margaret Scott possessed the characteristics that made her a prime suspect for any witch accusation during early New England. However, Scott was unlucky enough to be accused during the Salem witch hunts. As a result, Scott, an orthodox suspect, was thrown into a very unorthodox witch hunt with very little chance of survival. The evidence of Margaret Scott's case highlights the nature of witchcraft accusations in New England and the Salem witch-hunt.

In the end, Margaret Scott was accused and executed on charges of witchcraft due to prolonged suspicion of her character, the spectral evidence provided in her trial, the maleficium evidence against her, and the prominence of the accusers in her community. Margaret Scott was the only person to be accused of being a witch from Rowley during the Salem trials.

This was mainly due to the fact that community members long thought of her as a witch. She most likely was suspected of witchcraft because of her low stature in the community, the number of child fatalities,long widowhood, and begging; all common traits among people accused of witchcraft. Margaret Scott's origins are obscure. Born Margaret Stevenson in England somewhere around the year , she first appeared in the record books in , when she married Benjamin Scott.

Initially the Scotts lived in Braintree, but later moved to Cambridge where they had four children between and The Scott family arrived in Rowley in where Margaret gave birth to three additional children. Of all the children, only three lived to adulthood.

Still, by the time of the witchcraft trials, the seventy-seven year-old Margaret Scott had as many as eleven grandchildren. It is hard to pinpoint the status of the Scott family among the residents of Rowley. Evidence from Essex County records indicates that the Scots were not wealthy and never appeared in any positions suggesting importance or prominence.

Benjamin Scott himself was never assigned a high-status title such as Mister or even the lower status title Goodman. The Scotts lacked the money to purchase their own land. Instead in the town donated land to Benjamin Scott.

However, Margaret had to live on this estate for the next twenty-one years and by the time of the Salem trials, must have been very poor. At first glance, Margaret Scott seems to have lived an uneventful life. However, certain aspects of her character made her a very likely candidate as a witch suspect. One such aspect was the high infant mortality rate among her children.

Women in New England who had trouble raising children were very vulnerable to witchcraft charges. In fact, only 7 out of the 62 accused female witches in New England prior to had a considerable number of children. Out of Margaret's seven children, only three made it to adulthood. This does not consider any miscarriages or other problems that Scott may have had. Furthermore, only one of her three children born in Rowley lived to adulthood. The residents of Rowley would have been well aware of her high infant mortality rate.

Another factor about Margaret Scott's character that made her vulnerable to accusations was her status as a widow for twenty-one years. Being a widow did not in itself expose a woman to suspicion.

The most dangerous aspect of being a widow was the lack of a husband for legal support and influence. Also, Scott, 56 at the time of her husband's death, was forced to live off her husband's small estate for twenty-one years.

Often widows who were over fifty and not wealthy, were unable to find a new spouse and thus were reduced to poverty and begging. By begging, Margaret would expose herself to witchcraft suspicions according to what historian Robin Briggs calls the "refusal guilt syndrome".

This phenomenon occurred when a beggar's needs were refused causing feelings of guilt and aggression on the refuser's part. The refuser projected this aggression on the begger and grew suspicious of her. Some of the depositions against Scott did involve misfortunes occurring to people who had denied her a service or good. Perhaps Scott actually used her reputation to receive favors, which could be very effective.

If people believed that Scott was a witch, they might have eagerly given her what she asked out of fear of retaliation. However, if someone refused Scott and then fell on bad circumstances, witchcraft suspicions and accusations were almost a certainty.

Evidence suggests that Scott's widowhood suffering and dependence on begging resulted in part from a lack of familial support.

Only Margaret Scott's son Benjamin stayed in Rowley. When Margaret Scott was accused of witchcraft, Benjamin, who had six children of his own at the time, offered no legal support. He probably lacked the time and money to pursue a legal defense of his mother.

A careful examination of the depositions and witnesses shows a clear pattern among Margaret Scott's accusers. Many who were wealthy residents of the town who cooperated in the effort to convict Margaret of witchcraft. Captain Daniel Wicom appeared as the central figure among the accusers. As a prominent member of Rowley, any witchcraft affliction that involved Wicom, who filled many town leadership positions, would have led to legal action against Scott.

The Wicoms were not the only prominent family of Rowley involved with the accusations against Margaret Scott. The Nelson family also played an active role in the trial. Thomas and Phillip Nelson were brothers; Sarah was Philip's wife. Their father, Captain Philip Nelson, passed away in leaving an estate of pounds suggesting that both Thomas and Philip were well off themselves.

Unfortunately, records fail to distinguish between Philip the father and Philip the son. However, the prominence of the name of Philip Nelson in town records suggests that the family was wealthy and powerful. What is notable among the many appearances of Nelsons and Wicoms in the Essex County records is actually what did not occur.

While the two families appear in many land disputes, they never appear as opponents. While one cannot assume that both families were friends, it is safe to say that they were not enemies. Philip Nelson gave testimony that supported Daniel Wicom in a trial and in the two men sided together in another court case. Wicom would have collected Shillito's taxes, been in contact with him, and have been very familiar with his supposed affliction. The final connection occurred in the deposition of Thomas Nelson.

At the end of his testimony, the record indicated him as a member of the grand jury giving him the power to determine Margaret Scott's fate extending the Nelson-Wicom connection to nearly all aspects of the trial. The depositions offered against Margaret Scott highlight the rumors about her reputation and the common beliefs that circulated about witches in early New England.

Of the six depositions presented before the Salem Court on September 15th, four described the spectral image of Margaret Scott tormenting others.