Git download another git project along with version history

The overall uncompressed size of all objects is a good indication of how expensive commands like git gc --aggressive and git repack [-f -F] and git pack-objects --no-reuse-delta , git fsck , and git log [-G -S] will be. The uncompressed size of trees and commits is a good indication of how expensive reachability traversals will be, including clones and fetches and git gc.

The "Biggest objects" section provides information about the biggest single objects of each type, anywhere in the history. In the "History structure" section, "maximum history depth" is the longest chain of commits in the history, and "maximum tag depth" reports the longest chain of annotated tags that point at other annotated tags. The "Biggest checkouts" section is about the sizes of commits as checked out into a working copy.

The "Value" column displays counts, using units "k" thousand , "M" million , "G" billion etc. The "Level of concern" column uses asterisks to indicate values that seem high compared with "typical" Git repositories. The more asterisks, the more inconvenience this aspect of your repository might be expected to cause. Exclamation points indicate values that are extremely high i. Given the name of a large object, you could, for example, type. By default, only statistics above a minimal level of concern are reported.

Use --verbose as above to request that all statistics be output. If you'd like the output in machine-readable format, including exact numbers, use the --json option. The Linux repository is large by most standards. As you can see, it is pushing some of Git's limits. And indeed, some Git operations on the Linux repository e. But due to its sane structure, none of its dimensions are wildly out of proportion to the size of the code base, so the kernel project is managed successfully using Git.

Here is the non-verbose output for one of the famous "git bomb" repositories:. This repository is mischievously constructed to have a pathological tree structure, with the same directories repeated over and over again.

As a result, even though the entire repository is less than 20 kb in size, when checked out it would explode into over a billion directories containing over ten billion files. Skip to content. Star 2. Compute various size metrics for a Git repository, flagging those that might cause problems MIT License.

Branches Tags. Could not load branches. Could not load tags. Latest commit. When run in a directory that does not have ". This environment variable can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem boundaries. See gitrepository-layout[5] and git-worktree[1] for details. If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new repositories will be set to this value. This value is currently ignored when cloning; the setting of the remote repository is used instead.

The default is "sha1". See --object-format in git-init[1]. The human-readable name used in the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the user. The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or when writing reflogs. The date used for the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or when writing reflogs.

See git-commit[1] for valid formats. The human-readable name used in the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or when writing reflogs. The date used for the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or when writing reflogs.

The email address used in the author and committer identities if no other relevant environment variable or configuration setting has been set. This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option value passed on the Git diff command line. A number controlling the amount of output shown by the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge. See git-merge[1]. If it is set to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch a pager. See also the core. A number controlling how many seconds to delay before showing optional progress indicators.

Defaults to 2. It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode, an editor is to be launched. See also git-var[1] and the core.

This environment variable overrides the configured Git editor when editing the todo list of an interactive rebase. See also git-rebase[1] and the sequence. If either of these environment variables is set then git fetch and git push will use the specified command instead of ssh when they need to connect to a remote system.

The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are determined by the ssh variant. See ssh. Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your personal. Please consult your ssh documentation for further details. This variable overrides the config setting ssh. If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to acquire passwords or passphrases e. If this environment variable is set to 0 , git will not prompt on the terminal e.

Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or system-level configuration files. If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such as git blame in incremental mode , git rev-list , git log , git check-attr and git check-ignore will force a flush of the output stream after each record have been flushed.

If this environment variable is not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not. Enables general trace messages, e. If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" comparison is case insensitive , trace messages will be printed to stderr. If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2 and lower than 10 strictly then Git will interpret this value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the trace messages into this file descriptor.

Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or "false" case insensitive disables trace messages. Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension. Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is recorded.

You start bisect:. Then you should specify which commit is bad, and which one is known to be good. Assuming that your current version is bad, and v1. Now git-bisect selects a commit in the middle of the range that you specified, checks it out, and asks you whether it's good or bad. You should see something like:. This process selecting good or bad will repeat until there are no more revisions left to inspect, and the command will finally print a description of the first bad commit.

I've added some example aliases I use as shortcuts and some of my common typos in the [alias] section as shown below:. You can create a. You can also name the file as just. You might have a repository that requires authentication. In which case you can cache a username and password so you don't have to enter it on every push and pull. Credential helper can do this for you. More credential helpers can likely be found for different distributions and operating systems.

To configure user information used across all local repositories, and to set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history:. So, you're screwed - you reset something, or you merged the wrong branch, or you force pushed and now you can't find your commits. You know, at some point, you were doing alright, and you want to go back to some state you were at. This is what git reflog is for. Basically, every time HEAD changes, a new entry is added to the reflog.

This only works for local repositories, sadly, and it only tracks movements not changes to a file that weren't recorded anywhere, for instance.

The reflog above shows a checkout from main to the 2. From there, there's a hard reset to an older commit. If it turns out that you accidentally moved back, the reflog will contain the commit main pointed to ea7 before you accidentally dropped 2 commits.

Using git reset it is then possible to change main back to the commit it was before. This provides a safety net in case history was accidentally changed. Once you're comfortable with what the above commands are doing, you might want to create some shortcuts for Git Bash. This allows you to work a lot faster by doing complex tasks in really short commands. If you are using PowerShell on Windows, you can also set up aliases and functions.

Learn more at the About Profiles page on the Microsoft documentation site. Skip to content. Star Branches Tags. Could not load branches. Could not load tags. Latest commit. Fix "gim" typo Git stats commits. Failed to load latest commit information.

Added test for TOC to. Jan 14, Allows SSL errors in links Jan 30, Jan 1, Nov 7, Sep 22, Dec 1, Feb 25, Use npm scripts for travis commands. Nov 28, View code. Flight rules for Git What are "flight rules"? Conventions for this document Repositories I want to start a local repository I want to clone a remote repository I set the wrong remote repository I want to add code to someone else's repository Suggesting code via pull requests Suggesting code via patches I need to update my fork with latest updates from the original repository Editing Commits What did I just commit?

Conventions for this document For clarity's sake all examples in this document use a customized bash prompt in order to indicate the current branch and whether or not there are staged changes.

Table of Contents generated with DocToc Repositories I want to start a local repository I want to clone a remote repository I set the wrong remote repository I want to add code to someone else's repository Suggesting code via pull requests Suggesting code via patches I need to update my fork with latest updates from the original repository Editing Commits What did I just commit?

Integrate the remote changes e. This will also add untracked files. Switched to a new branch ' daves '. However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted. Note that empty commits are commented out. Newer, awesomer features Please enter the commit message for your changes.

Lines starting with ' ' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit. After editing the file, Git will perform the specified actions; if prompted to resolve merge problems, fix them and continue with git rebase --continue or back out with the git rebase --abort command.

These files can be edited directly, but the usual method is to use git config , as shown in the examples below. Set the default editor from vim to nano :.

See git-config 1 and Git Configuration for more information. You may wish to avoid the hassle of authenticating interactively at every push to the Git server. Git may fetch your credentials from a org. Therefore set up one compatible keyring and check if a keyring is registered to dbus using:. Alternatively, install bash-completion. The Git package comes with a prompt script. See Command-line shell Configuration files for persistent configuration. When changing to a directory of a Git repository, the prompt will change to show the branch name.

Extra details can be set to be shown by the prompt by setting the corresponding environment variable:. Signed-off-by line append a name-email signature is added to the commit which is required by some projects :.

Signed-off-by automatically append to patches when using git format-patch commit :. Commit specific parts of files that have changed.

This is useful if there are a large number of changes made that would be best split into several commits:. Occasionally a maintainer will ask that work be done on a branch. These branches are often called devel or testing.

Begin by cloning the repository. To enter another branch beside master git clone only shows master branch but others still exist, git branch -a to show :.

If you want to send patches directly to a mailing list, you have to install the following packages: perl-authen-sasl and perl-io-socket-ssl. Make sure you have configured your username and e-mail address, see Configuration. Now you should be able to send the patch to the mailing list see also OpenEmbedded:How to submit a patch to OpenEmbedded Sending patches and git-send-email. This results in the loss of important information associated with the commit. To handle this, there are two possible approaches based on the situations: Approach 1 : Fix the bad changes of the files and create a new commit and push to the remote repository.

This step is the simplest and most recommended approach to fix bad changes. Sometimes we end up having certain files that are not needed in the git index when we are not being careful while using the git add command. Using the command git rm will remove the file from both the index and the local working tree which is not always desirable. Instead of using the git rm command we can use the git reset command for removing the file from the staged version and then adding that file to the.

Whenever in doubt, it is always preferred to use the git merge command. Following are some factors that tell when to use merge and rebase commands: In case our branch gets contributions from other developers outside the team as in open-source or public repositories, then rebase is not preferred.

Rebase is a very destructive operation. If the model of having branches per feature is followed, rebasing is not a good idea there because it keeps track of related commits done by the developers. But in case the team follows having branches per developer of the team, then the branch has no additional useful information to be conveyed. In this model, rebasing has no harm and can be used. If there is any chance where there might be a necessity to revert a commit to previous commits, then reverting a rebase would be almost impossible as the commit data would be destroyed.

In such cases, the merge can be used. This can be a time-consuming process if we are not sure what to look at exactly. Fortunately, git provides a great search facility that works on the principle of binary search as git-bisect command. This command is used for undoing the local changes done in the git repository Using this command adds a new history to the project without modifying the existing history This command operates on the commit history, git index, and the working directory.

Conclusion In this article, we have seen the introduction and scope of git along with the most commonly asked git interview questions. Which command defines the author email to be used for all commits by the current user. What command removes untracked files from the working directory? What command is used to download all files and objects from a defined repository? The statement is true. The statement is false as git should be centralised. Git is not a version control system.

I have no idea about git. What command creates an empty Git repository? Which of the below do things belong to the data structure that implements Git? Commit Object. Branch Pointer. Head Pointer. All of the above. What git command is used to add a tag to a commit? What is the correct commit command for all changes along with its message?

What process is an alternative to merging?