Free download pdf of like sound through water

Compute the frequency of the waves. Record the results in Table 2. The wave speed is the distance traveled by the wave per second. Using the data from number 1, calculate the wave speed of the observed periodic waves. Record the result in Table 2. Table 2. What is the relationship between wave speed, wavelength and frequency? Suppose you observed an anchored boat to rise and fall once every 4. What is the frequency of the observed waves? What is the speed of the waves? Mechanical vs. Electromagnetic Waves How do waves propagate?

Objective In this activity, you will differentiate between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. What are mechanical waves? When you created waves using a rope in Activity 1 Part A, you were able to observe a moving pattern. In this case, the medium of wave propagation is the rope. In Activity 1 Part B, what is the medium of wave propagation? In Activity 1 Part C, what is the medium of wave propagation?

The waves that you have created in Activity 1 all require a medium for wave propagation. They are called mechanical waves. How can you generate mechanical waves? All three kinds of waves — transverse, longitudinal, and surface — are sent out by an earthquake and can be detected many thousands of kilometers away if the quake is a major one. What do you think is the source of earthquake waves? What is the medium of propagation of earthquake waves? What are electromagnetic waves? Energy from the sun reaches the earth through electromagnetic waves.

As opposed to mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves require no The medium of propagation for the wave shown above is the rope. Thus, they can pass through empty space. Locate the electromagnetic spectrum chart in your classroom. A smaller image of the chart is shown below. Identify the common name of each wave shown in the chart. The electromagnetic spectrum shows the various types of electromagnetic waves, the range of their frequencies and wavelength.

Figure 7. The electromagnetic spectrum a. Examine the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength of each electromagnetic wave. Draw waves to represent each electromagnetic wave.

Your illustrations must represent the wavelength of a wave relative to the others. For instance, gamma rays have a very small wavelength compared to the other waves in the spectrum. The Sun is an important source of ultraviolet UV waves, which is the main cause of sunburn. Sunscreen lotions are transparent to visible light but absorb most UV light. Why are UV rays harmful to the skin compared to visible light? Compare the frequency and energy carried by UV waves to that of visible light.

Waves Around You The activities that you have performed are all about wave motion or the propagation of a pattern caused by a vibration. Waves transport energy from one place to another thus they can set objects into motion. Activity 1 introduced you to transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves. You observed the motion of a segment of the material through which the wave travels. Gamma Rays 2. Transverse waves occur when the individual particles or segments of a medium vibrate from side to side perpendicular to the direction in which the waves travel.

Longitudinal waves occur when the individual particles of a medium vibrate back and forth in the direction in which the waves travel.

The motion of water molecules on the surface of deep water in which a wave is propagating is a combination of transverse and longitudinal displacements, with the result that molecules at the surface move in nearly circular paths.

Each molecule is displaced both horizontally and vertically from its normal position. While energy is transported by virtue of the moving pattern, it is important to remember that there is not net transport of matter in wave motion. The particles vibrate about a normal position and do not undergo a net motion.

How can you describe waves? In Activity 2, you have encountered the important terms and quantities used to describe periodic waves.

The crest and trough refer to the highest point and lowest point of a wave pattern, respectively. The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle of the medium on either side of its normal position when the wave passes. The frequency of periodic waves is the number of waves that pass a particular point for every one second while the wavelength is the distance between adjacent crests or troughs.

The period is the time required for one complete wave to pass a particular point. The speed of the wave refers to the distance the wave travels per unit time.

Finally, Activity 3 prompted you to distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves. In mechanical waves, some physical medium is being disturbed for the wave to propagate. A wave traveling on a string would not exist without the string. Sound waves could not travel through air if there were no air molecules. With mechanical waves, what we interpret as a wave corresponds to the propagation of a disturbance through a medium.

On the other hand, electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate; some examples of electromagnetic waves are visible light, radio waves, television signals, and x-rays. Up Next. Light In the next module, you would learn about visible light, the most familiar form of electromagnetic waves, since it is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can detect.

Through some interesting activities, you would come across the characteristics of light, how it is produced and how it propagates. You would need the concepts that you learned from this module to fully understand and appreciate the occurrence of light. Indicate the interval that represents a half wavelength.

A pulse sent down a long string eventually dies away and disappears. What happens to its energy? The energy disappears with the wave. The energy is remains along the length of the string. The energy is transferred from the wave to the environment. The pulse does not carry energy. Mechanical waves transport energy from one place to another through a.

Alternately vibrating particles of the medium b. Particles traveling with the wave c. Vibrating particles and traveling particles d. None of the above 6. In a transverse wave, the individual particles of the medium a. The higher the frequency of a wave, a. Of the following properties of a wave, the one that is independent of the others is its a. Waves in a lake are 5. The speed of the waves is a. Energy from the sun reaches the earth through a. Conceptual Physics 10th Ed.

The anatomy of a wave. Were there vibrations in the throat? Phineas and Ferb are making a title sequence! You will also learn the 2 kinds of waves according to propagation. These are the longitudinal and transverse waves. Sound is an example of a longitudinal wave.

It is also classified as a mechanical wave. Thus there has to be matter for which sound should travel and propagate. This matter is better known as medium. In Activity 1, you will try to explore how sound is produced. You are going to use local materials available in your community to do this activity.

How does sound propagate? Longitudinal wave Cut and design your shoe box as shown in Figure 2. Put the rubber bands around the box. Make sure that the rubber bands are almost equally spaced and that the rubber bands are arranged according to increasing thickness from the lower end to the other end of the box.

Use your finger to pluck each rubber band. Listen to the sound produced. What physical signs did you observe when you plucked each band. Did you hear any sound? What produced the sound? Handle all sharp tools with care. My sounding box How different are the sounds produced by each band with different thickness?

This time use the fingers of one hand to stretch one of the elastics. Pluck the elastic with the fingers of the other hand and observe. Are there changes in the note when you plucked the stretched band? Repeat step 4 with the other elastic bands. Arrange the elastics in sequence from the highest note to the lowest note produced. When we talk or make any sound, our vocal cords vibrate.

When there are no vibrations felt, no sound is produced. This means that sounds are caused by vibrations. Vibrations of molecules are to the to-and-fro or back-and-forth movement of molecules. Vibrations are considered as a disturbance that travels through a medium. This vibratory motion causes energy to transfer to our ears and is interpreted by our brain.

Sound waves are examples of longitudinal waves. They are also known as mechanical waves since sound waves need medium in order to propagate. In Activity 1, vibrations produced by the elastic band produced sound. The sounding box amplified increase in amplitude this sound. Sound waves can travel in air. When they come in contact with our eardrums, the vibrations of the air force our eardrums to vibrate which is sensed and interpreted by our brain.

You can try this one. Place your ear against one end of a tabletop. Ask a friend to gently tap the other end of the table with a pencil or a ruler. What happens? Then ask your friend to again gently tap the other end of the table but this time, make sure that your ear is not touching the table.

In which situation did you encounter louder and more pronounced sound? In which situation did you encounter the sound clearly? Sound is produced by the slight tapping of the table with a pencil or a ruler. This can be heard clearly at the other end of the table. This shows that sound waves can also travel through wood or solid. Sound is more distinct in solids than in air.

This also means that sound is heard much louder when it travels in solids than in air. Can sound waves also travel in other media like solids and liquids? Can sound travel in liquids too? Liquids are better transmitters of sound than gases. If two bodies are struck together underwater, the sound heard by a person who is underwater is louder than when heard in air, but softer than in solids. As you can see in Figure 3, particles of solids are more closely packed than particles of liquid and gas.

This is why sound produced in solids is much more distinct and loud than when it is propagated or produced in liquids and gas. Between liquids and gases, on the other hand, liquid particles appear more closely spaced than gases.

This means that louder sound will be produced in liquids than in gases. Spacing of particles of the medium like solid, liquid and gas is an important factor on how would is transmitted. Take a look at Figure 3, liquid particles are closer to each other than the particles in the gas. Sound waves are transmitted easier in liquids. Between liquids and solids, the particles of solids are even closer together than the liquid molecules; therefore, sound travels even faster in solids than in liquids.

Since different media transmit sound differently, sound travels at different speeds in different materials. Since solid is the best transmitter of sound, sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in gases. The table below shows the speed of sound in different materials. Remember these weather elements you studied in your earlier grades? High values of these elements lead to faster moving sound.

When you are in the low lands and the surrounding is hot, sound travels fast. Do you want to know why sound travels faster in hot air? There are more molecular interactions that happen in hot air. This is because the hot particles of air gain more kinetic energy and so there is also an increase in the mean velocity of the molecules. Since sound is a consequence of energy transfer through collisions, more collisions and faster collisions means faster sound.

Figure 3: Molecules of different media The elastic property is concerned with the ability of the material to retain or maintain its shape and not to deform when a force is applied on it. Solids as compared to liquids and gases have the highest elastic property. Consequently, solid is the medium on which sound travels fastest. This means that the greater the elastic property, the faster the sound waves travel. The iniertial property, on the other hand, is the tendency of the material to maintain its state of motion.

More inertial property means the more inert more massive or greater mass density the individual particles of the medium, the less responsive they will be to the interactions between neighbouring particles and the slower that the wave will be.

Within a single phase medium, like air for example, humid air is more inert than humid air. This is because water that has changed to vapor is mixed with the air. This phenomenon increases the mass density of air and so increases the inertial property of the medium.

This will eventually decrease the speed of sound on that medium. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum. Remember that sound is a mechanical wave which needs medium in order to propagate. If no matter exists, there will be no sound.

In the outer space, sound would not be transmitted. Sound waves possess characteristics common to all types of waves. These are frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed or velocity, period and phase. Just like other waves, sound also exhibits wave properties just like reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. More than these properties are pitch and loudness of sound. Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of sound.

Loudness is how soft or how intense the sound is as perceived by the ear and interpreted by the brain. Do you want to find out more characteristics and properties of sound? Activity No. Activity 2 Properties and characteristics of sound Objective In this activity, you will use your sounding box to describe the characteristics of sound and compare them with those of sound produced by a guitar.

Label the rubber bands of your sounding box as S1, S2 and so on. Labeling should start with the thinnest rubber band. Pluck each rubber band. Listen to the sounds produced. What did you observed when you plucked each of the rubber bands and sound is produced? How then is sound produced? Is there a difference in the sound produced by each of the rubber bands?

How do they differ? Which band produced a higher sound? Which band produced a lower sound? How can you make a softer sound? How can you make a louder sound? What factors affect the pitch and loudness of the sound produced by the rubber bands? Stretch one of the rubber bands and while doing so, pluck it again.

Is there a change in the sound produced when you pluck the rubber band while stretching it? How does stretching the rubber band affect the pitch of the sound produced?

Place a ruler on its edge across the sounding box as shown in Figure 3. Pluck each rubber band and observe. Is there a difference in the sound produced when the ruler is placed across the box? Move the ruler off center to the left or to a diagonal position so that one side of each rubber band is shorter than the other side Figure 4.

Pluck again each rubber band on each side of the ruler and observe. Figure 3: With stretch rubber bands rulerruler Which part of the rubber band shorter side or longer side provides higher pitch?

Which part provides lower pitch? Again, what factors affect the pitch of the sound produced by the rubber bands? Part 2: The Guitar Strum each guitar string without holding the frets. String 0 is the lower most string while string 6 is the uppermost string. Record all you observations in the table provided. String Pitch High or Low 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Q Which string vibrates fastest when strummed? Which string vibrates slowest when strummed?

Which string has the highest frequency? Which string has the highest pitch? Which has the lowest frequency? Which string has the lowest pitch? How would you relate pitch and frequency? The highness or lowness of sound is known as the pitch of a sound or a musical note. In Activity No. The pitch of a high frequency sound is also high and a low frequency sound is also; lower in pitch.

Our ear and that of animals are the very sensitive sound detectors. The ear is a part of the peripheral auditory system. It is divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear.

The outer ear called the pinna collects the sound waves and focuses them into the ear canal. This canal transmits the sound waves to the eardrum. The ear canal is the eardrum membrane or the tympanum. It separates the outer and the middle ears physically. Air vibrations set the eardrum membrane in motion that causes the three smallest bones hammer, anvil and stirrup to move. These three bones convert the small-amplitude vibration of the eardrum into large- amplitude oscillations.

These oscillations are transferred to the inner ear through the oval window. Behind the oval window is a snail-shell shaped liquid —filled organ called the cochlea. The large-amplitude oscillations create waves that travel in liquid. These sounds are converted into electrical impulses, which are sent to the brain by the auditory nerve. The brain, interprets these signals as words, music or noise. Did you know that we can only sense within the frequency range of about 20 Hz to about Hz?

Vibrational frequencies beyond 20 Hz is called ultrasonic frequencies while extremely low frequencies are known as infrasonic frequencies. Our ear cannot detect ultrasonic or infrasonic waves. But some animals like dogs can hear sounds as high as 50 Hz while bats can detect sounds as high as Hz.

We can see images of your baby brother or sister when the OB- Gyne asks your mommy or nanay to undergo ultrasound. Ultrasonic waves are used to help physicians see our internal organs.

Nowadays, ultrasonic technology is of three kinds: 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and 4- dimensional categories. In the 3- and 4-dimensional ultrasonic technologies, the features of the fetus are very clearly captured. Figure 4: The human ear Figure 5: Ultrasound The very loud ultrasonic sources in a building will usually drive the rodents away or disorient cockroaches causing them to die from the induced erratic behavior.

What other applications of sound do you have in mind? Do you want to share them too? Loudness and Intensity Do you still remember intensity of light in the previous module?

In sound, intensity refers to the amount of energy a sound wave. Figure 6 shows varying intensity of sound. High amplitude sounds usually carry large energy and have higher intensity while low amplitude sound carry lesser amount of energy and have lower intensity.

Sound intensity is measured by various instruments like the oscilloscope. Loudness is a psychological sensation that differs for different people.

Loudness is subjective but is still related to the intensity of sound. In fact, despite the subjective variations, loudness varies nearly logarithmically with intensity. A logarithmic scale is used to describe sound intensity, which roughly corresponds to loudness. The unit of intensity level for sound is the decibel dB , which was named after Alexander Graham Bell who invented the telephone.

On the decibel scale, an increase of 1 dB means that sound intensity is increased by a factor of Father and son duo interprets the loudness of a sound differently. The son considers the rock music a soft music while the father considers it a loud sound. The father may even interpret the sound as a distorted sound, which is known as noise.

Noise is wave that is not pleasing to the senses. Look for 3 more classmates and try Activity 3. This will test your ability to design and at the same time show your talents!

Activity 3 Big time gig! Objectives In this activity, you should be able to: 1. Students may also utilize other indigenous musical instruments. Form a group of four 4. One can play a stringed instrument, while the other can play the drum and the 3rd member can use the other instrument that your group will design or create.

Look for local materials which you can use to create different musical instruments. Try to come up with your own composition using the instruments you have created.

In the class GIG you are to play and sing at least 2 songs any song of your choice and your original composition. Check the Rubric included to become familiar with the criteria for which you will be rated. Big Time Gig! Did you enjoy this activity? Aside from the concepts and principles in sound you learned and applied for a perfect performance what other insights can you identify? Can you extend your designs to come up with quality instruments using indigenous materials?

You can be famous with your artworks Sound waves are mechanical waves than need for a medium for sound to propagate. Vibrations of the medium create a series of compression and rarefaction which results to longitudinal waves.

Sound can travel in all media but not in vacuum. Sound is fastest in matter that is closely packed like solid and slowest in gas.

Speed of sound is dependent on factors like temperature, humidity and air pressure. High temperature brings much faster sound. Increased humidity, on the other hand makes sound travel slower. As pressure is increased, speed is also increased. Inertial and elastic properties of the medium also play an important part in the speed of sound. Solids tend to be highly elastic than gases and thus sound travel fastest in solids.

In a single phase matter however, the inertial property which is the tendency of the material to maintain its motion also affect speed of sound. Humid air is more massive and is more inert than dry air. This condition brings lesser molecular interactions and eventually slower sound.

Sound, just like other waves do have characteristics such as speed, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, phase and period. Like any other wave, sound exhibit properties like reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction. Other properties are loudness and pitch. Pitch is dependent on the frequency of sound wave. The higher frequency the higher the pitch of the sound produced. Organisms like us are capable of sensing sound through our ears.

Just like other organism, our ears do have parts that perform special tasks until the auditory signals reach and are interpreted by our brain. Frequencies beyond the audible to human are known as ultrasonic beyond the upper limit and infrasonic below the lower limit.

Intensity and loudness are quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the energy carried by the wave. High amplitude waves are intense and are sensed as loud sound. Low amplitude sound waves are soft sound. Music is a special sound that forms patterns and are appealing to our sense of hearing.

What about Christian Huygens? Did you meet them in your earlier grades? These people were the first to study about light.

In this module, you will learn about light. You will also find out that there are different sources of light and that light exhibits different characteristics and properties. Finally, you will design a simple activity to test whether light travels in a straight light or not.

Sir Isaac Newton believed that light behaves like a particle while Christian Huygens believed that light behaves like a wave. He explained that light can be a particle and can also be a wave. To complete our knowledge about the nature of light, James Clark Maxwell proposed the Electromagnetic Theory of Light.

While these scientists dig deep into the nature of light and how light are propagated, let us be more familiar with ordinary materials we use as common sources of light. The Sun for example is known as a natural source of light. Sun is also considered as a luminous body an object capable of producing its own light. Other sources are the lamps, bulbs, and candles. These are the artificial sources.

In your earlier grades you learned about energy transformation. Energy transformation is needed to convert or transform forms of energy to light or other forms.

In bulbs, electric potential is converted to light. In lamps, chemical energy is transformed to light. What are the common sources of light? How do these common sources produce light? What are the common properties and characteristics of light?

Further, you will also gather data which chemical substance is best by relating it to the brightness of the light produced. Lively Party like Dimensional Loop Hole. Blogger sporty Asian woman using camera recording how to make orange juice video for her subscriber. Blogger sporty Asian woman using camera recording how to make apple juice video for her subscriber. Blogger Asian woman using camera recording how to make salad healthy food video for her subscriber. Colorful Hearts and Likes with Pop up Effects.

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The roaring sound of a loud waterfall rushing down the summer forest on a sunny day. Calm down your body and mind while trying to fall asleep at night with these waterfall sounds, which are also great for blocking out any external noises from your environment, like people talking or traffic.

Relaxing river sounds for sleep with a 4K UHD nature video taken deep in the Norwegian forest on a sunny summer day. Calm down your body and mind with these nature sounds from the shallow river flowing in the shadows, perfect for falling asleep and sleeping deeper at night. Roaring sound of a waterfall flowing down into a deep pool in the summer forest, on a nice and sunny day with a clear blue sky in the background.

Static sound for falling asleep, while blocking out any distracting noises from the environment. Get a deeper and more restful sleep with this waterfall. Relaxing nature sounds from the summer forest, with a river flowing and birds singing their songs. Calm down your body and mind with the sound of nature while trying to focus on your work or studies. This summer forest landscape video also makes a nice nature screensaver. Forest nature sounds with crows cawing and a river flowing on a sunny summer day by a cave in the mountainside.

Relaxing sounds from nature to listen to while working, studying, meditating, or just chilling out after a long day. This 4K UHD video also makes a nice screensaver. Relaxing nature sounds for sleep from a river flowing in a rocky cave, making bubbling sounds as the crystal clear water makes it way through the rocks scattered around the cave.

If you like listening to noises while trying to fall asleep, try these nature sounds next time you hit the bed. Bubbling water sound from where an underground river exits into another river. Calming nature sound of water splashing and making bubbly sounds, great as a background sound while working, studying, or for falling asleep if you like water sounds. Peaceful summer forest landscape with river and bird sounds.

Calm down and relax your body and mind while listening to the sound of a river flowing and birds singing their soothing songs. Deep static white noise from a small waterfall rushing down the green summer forest landscape in the shadows. White noise sound for falling asleep faster and sleeping deeper, also great for blocking out annoying external sounds. Ocean ambience from Saltstraumen maelstrom in Northern Norway, with the sound of an oystercatcher screeching.

He was not very happy about my presence and wanted me to get lost. This video was filmed at 5 in the morning when the tidal current was at the strongest that day. Calming sound of a river rushing down the forest on a late summer evening, with a subtle sound of water bubbling in the foreground.

Relaxing nature sound for falling asleep and sleeping deeper, block out any annoying external sounds and replace them with these river sounds.

Saltstraumen tidal current in Norway seen from above, with sound. This recording was done by the Saltstraumen bridge at 5 in the morning, while the current was going out of the strait at 10 knops per second.

Enjoy the mesmerizing view and sound of the strongest tidal current in the world. Burning dry seaweeds by the shore to record the crackling and popping sound it makes, while the fire is swooshing. Listen to this relaxing fire sound that resembles a crackling fireplace, while trying to fall asleep at night, or as a calming background sound while focusing on work or studies.

Relaxing ocean ambience with waves splashing gently against the shore, crackling sounds from the smoking fire, seagulls squawking, and boats passing in the distance. The whole package of shore sounds squeezed into one video, perfect for bringing back summer memories. Calming sound of a river flowing gently down the green spring forest on a beautiful sunny day, while the birds in the trees are singing their soothing songs.

Ferry sounds with a little touch of ocean waves splashing gently against the shore. Wind rustling through trees on a sunny spring day in the forest. Relaxing wind sounds for sleeping, studying, or while doing some work in front of the computer. Create a cozy atmosphere in your bedroom with this sound of wind rustling trees, perfect to use as a sleep sound at night. Sound of waves splashing gently against the shore on a sunny spring day with a clear blue sky in the background.

Relax with this nature sound video with waves splashing while trying to fall asleep, working, or studying. If you like ocean sounds, give this one a try and see how it works out. Bubbling water sound from a shallow river flowing down the rocky forest landscape on a gray day early in the spring.

Calm down your mind with this 4 hour long bubbling water sound video.