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The tool set spans the entire IC design flow, from system-level to circuit-level design and verification, including design entry and schematic capture, time- and frequency-domain simulation and analysis, physical layout with automated device-level place and route and integrated design rule checker DRC , 3D full-field solver-based extraction with industry gold standard high-speed extraction technology from OEA International, and a comprehensive set of waveform display and analysis capabilities supporting complex RF measurements.

At the core of the AWR Design Environment platform capability is advanced object-oriented technology. This technology results in software that is compact, fast, reliable, and easily enhanced with new technology as it becomes available. If you are viewing this guide as online Help and intend to work through the examples, you can download and print out the PDF version for ease of use. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the AWR Design Environment platform including the basic menus, windows, components and commands.

Use of 3D parametric layout cells and a 3D Layout Editor is included. Shown in a bold alternate font. Shown in a bold alternate font with initial capitals. There are multiple resources available for additional information and technical support for Cadence products.

Application Notes - Technical papers on various topics written by Cadence or our partners. Examples - Pages explaining project examples in the installed software or available for download. It also provides licensing configuration troubleshooting tips. In addition, an appendix providing guidelines for starting a new design is included. The AWR Design Environment Dialog Box Reference provides a reference of many program dialog boxes with dialog box graphics, overviews, option details, and information on how to access each dialog box.

The Quick Reference document lists keyboard shortcuts, mouse operations, and tips and tricks to optimize your use of the AWR Design Environment platform. This is an excellent document to print and keep handy at your desk.

Note that the transformation may not be effective if there are a number of ties in the original data. For some predictands, such as precipitation, it does not make sense to predict negative values. However, the fact that zero is an absolute lower limit is not considered in the statistical procedures CPT uses. The zero-bound option automatically resets all non-negative predictions including those for the confidence limits to zero if they are negative. If there are any negative values in the input data, these are identified and an error message is given.

If the anomalies or standardized anomalies option is switched on the zero-bound option will still apply, but only at the point where absolute zero is defined in terms of anomalies. For example, if the climatological mean is 50, and the anomalies option is activated, anomalies of less than will be reset to The Missing Values option allows you to set options for identifying and replacing missing values.

A flag should be set to identify missing values in the input datasets. In CPT version 10 files, the missing value flag is typically defined, and so this value should not normally be modified.

A maximum percentage of missing values in each series should also be defined. If the number of missing values is less than the defined maximum, these values will be replaced using the method defined. Replacing Missing Values gives further details about missing value estimation. The resampling settings option allows you to define the confidence level and the numbers of resamples used in estimating the confidence intervals and significance levels of the various performance measures.

The confidence intervals are calculated using bootstrap resampling, whereas the significance levels are claculated using permutation procedures. The significance levels or p-values can be calculated for the cross-validated and retroactive skill maps, and can be saved but currently not viewed using the right mouse button on the current map.

The forecast settings option also allows you to specify the confidence level used when calculating the prediction intervals for new forecasts. The higher the confidence level, the wider the interval will be. Note that the new confidence level will only take effect when a new forecast window is opened. The method by which the error variance is calculated can be selected.

The crosses on graph option option allows you to specify whether crosses should appear at the data points on the graphs. The graphs are joined by lines, and will be marked by crosses in addition, if this option is switched on. The option toggles the drawing of the crosses on and off. A tick is indicated next to the menu item when the crosses on graph option is on. The mask land option option allows you to specify whether shading should appear over any areas representing land.

For gridded data, CPT creates maps by shading individual grid boxes. When the gridded data represent values such as sea-surface temperatures, the shading of near-coastal gridboxes will extend over land by default. This shading can be prevented by switching on the mask land option; after producing the basic map CPT will then shade all land areas in white so that colours appear only over the sea. The option toggles the masking of the land on and off.

A tick is indicated next to the menu item when the masking option is on. The mask lakes option option allows you to specify whether shading should appear over any areas representing lakes or inland seas.

CPT draws lakes and inland seas on top of the country boundaries, and so these boundaries appear within the lakes and seas themselves. If mask lakes option is on CPT will shade all lakes and inland seas in white so that the borders, and any colour shading will be eliminated. The black and white option allows you to specify whether graphics output should be in black and white. Note that gray-shading is used.

The option toggles the black and white graphics output on and off. A tick is indicated next to the menu item when the black and white option is on. The reverse colours option allows you to invert the red-blue colour system, which is appropriate for rainfall, to a blue-red system, which is appropriate for temperature. Note that the colour reversal does not apply to the maps. The option toggles the reversal of the colours on and off.

A tick is indicated next to the menu item when the colours are reversed i. The vertical lines on graph option allows you to specify whether vertical lines should appear on the graphs at regular intervals. If this option is switched on, vertical lines will appear at every five years on the time series graphs, and at every five points on the scree plots. These lines can be helpful in identifying specific data points. The option toggles the drawing of the vertical lines on and off.

A tick is indicated next to the menu item when the vertical lines option is on. To apply a specific method select the appropriate menu item from View. All three analysis menu items are available only from the Introductory Window. However, note that current settings are transferred between analyses. The cumulative percentage of variance can be shown by toggling the Cumulative menu item. The y-axis on the scree plot defaults to linear, but it is often easier to identify "elbows" when a logarithmic axis is used.

The option toggles the logarithmic axis transformation, but the plot is redrawn only if the cumulative option is switched off. The broken stick can be superimposed on the scree plot.

The stick provides one method for determining how many modes should be retained. The stick is shown as a green line. The Broken Stick option toggles the plotting of the broken stick.

Select the relevant graphic if prompted and set a new title using a maximum of 52 characters. Use a Fortrain compiler to create the machine dependent executable 'CPT.

The CPT. Users can interact with the CPT program from the prompt. The Linux version has limited functionality compared to the Windows version. There is no graphic interface so no graphics can ben created, but it can generate output files in CPT V10 format.

Users can put all conditions and options in a text file and let CPT run in batch mode to generate all desire output files for one command. This is most useful when it is combined with other program which use CPT output files as input data for other programs. We have tested with gfortran version 4. Users may be able to compile with other Fortran compilers such NAG f95, pgf90, pgf95 or ifort, etc.

You can launch CPT. User can run CPT. After typing CPT. By typing 1, 2 or 3 and 'return', the user can select the type of analysis they wish to perform. For example, if "2" is entered for PCR, the following screen will appear. Again the user can type in the number corresponding to the selected option. Here is an example text file with all the user selected options. In this example, the user will perform PCR analysis and save some outputs.

To run CPT. Afte user types the above command, the CPT. CPT was developed using version 3. Substantial input on the design of the software was provided by Ousmane Ndiaye, and Theodore Marguerite. Q: Why does the program sometimes generate windows that do not fit on the screen? A: The software is designed ideally to operate at a screen resolution of at least by pixels, but should work at most resolutions of by pixels or finer.

Most problems should have been fixed at version 3. If this happens, please identify your screen resolution, by opening the Control Panel under the Start menu, then selecting the Display icon, and clicking on the Settings tab. The screen resolution should be indicated. Alternatively, you can right click on the desktop, choose properties, and the Display Properties window will open.

Then choose the Settings tab to obtain the resolution. We will try to fix the problem by the next version. Q: How can I obtain information on the science of climate prediction, and prediction methods, and downscaling methods? A: A source code version of CPT is available on special request.

This version could be compiled under Linux and other platforms. The version does not contain any of the graphics features of the Windows version, but does incorporate all of the mathematical functionality of CPT. Q: Is it possible to use more than one field of predictors for example and hPA geopotential heights in CPT simulataneously? A: CPT is designed to take only one field of predictors at a time, but it is possible to get the software to produce results using multiple fields.

Run the software using one of the predictor fields, and with the number of X EOF modes set to the maximum this will be the minimum of the number of gridpoints and the length of the training period. Then save the principal component scores, using Data Output.

Repeat for the other predictor fields. Now combine the various output files of principal component scores so that the principal components for all the predictor fields are in one file. CPT can then be run with this new file as the predictor variables read in as an unreferenced dataset.

Note that it may be necessary to weight the two input datasets if they have been derived from different resolution datasets, or have different domains.

Although it will not be possible to view the loadings maps for the combined fields, all the validation results and forecasts will be as if the software had been run with multiple input fields. Q: Why do I sometimes get an error message when I try to save Project files or save output files? A: The default installation directory for vversions of CPT prior to 4. The project and output files directories are subdirectories of this.

Only administrative users have write access to this directory, and so a user without administrator privileges will not be able to save any files in the default directories. An immediate solution is to save the files elsewhere although this solution will not resolve the problem of resetting defaults.

Q: Why are the forecast probabilities sometimes bimodal; i. A: The forecast probabilities are calculated by assuming that the forecast error is normally distributed. This assumption should be reasonable if the Y data are normally distributed, and if they are normally distributed the bimodal forecast probabilities will not occur. However, if the Y data are not normally distributed, bimodal forecast probabilities may occur. Ideally the data should be transformed to a normal distribution before using CPT.

There are plans to include a transformation option in the program at a later release. Q: Why does the software sometimes give a message saying "The file contains no non-missing series"? A: If one or both of the input files contains missing values, CPT will attempt to replace these using one of the procedures specified in the Options, Missing Values menu item.

However, the missing values are only replaced in those series for which the proportion of missing values is less than a threshold maximum i. If this value is too low, then series will be omitted that have only a few values, and if all series are omitted the message above is issued. A: The difference between CCA and PCR is fairly small, and, in practice, differences in the results of the two methods are usually minor.

In PCR each of the Y variables predictands is predicted individually separate regression models are made for each. PCR is identical to multiple regression except that the predictors are the principal components of the X variables rather than the original X variables. In CCA the Y variables are predicted simultaneously by predicting spatial patterns. In practice, PCR is better suited for predicting either a single predictand, or for a set of predictands that are not expected to have a strong relationship to each other.

So if you are making predictions for a single variable or for a few variables that are uncorrelated, use PCR, otherwise it is slightly better to use CCA. Register for Windows version updates here and Linux version updates here. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. System Requirements I. Input Data 3. Getting Started 6. Performing the Analysis Analysis Progress CPT Results Analysis Linux Version Introduction List of Figures 4.

Data Selection 4. Range Selection 4. Dual Fields Station Data 4. Dual Fields Station Data Info 6. Main Menu 7. Input Data 8. X Domain Selection 8. X EOF Options 8. CCA Settings 8. Missing Values 8. Options Chapter 1.

Chapter 2. System Requirements. Part I. Input Data. Table of Contents 3. Chapter 3. Input Data Format. V10 File Formats. Common fields. Gridded Data Format. Station Data Format. Unreferenced Data Format. Older File Formats File Format before version Chapter 4. Downloading Sea Surface Temperature Data. Figure 4. Data Selection. Range Selection. Download Dual Field Station Data. Dual Fields Station Data. Dual Fields Station Data Info. Part II.

Table of Contents 5. Chapter 5. Getting Started. File View Help. Chapter 6. Selecting Analysis Method.

Figure 6. Main Menu. Chapter 7. Select Input Datasets. Table of Contents Select Input Datasets. Figure 7. Chapter 8. Set Program Parameters. Specify X domain and EOF options.

Figure 8. X Domain Selection. X EOF Options. CCA Settings. Setting Missing Values. Missing Values. Set Other Options. Save Program Parameters. Chapter 9. Performing the Analysis. Table of Contents Analysis Progress.

Analysis Progress. Chapter CPT Results. CPT Graphics. Saving the Graphics. Customising the graphics. Saving Results to Files. CPT Results Analysis. Table of Contents. CPT Forecasts. Selecting Forecast File. Setting Forecast Options. Forecast Results.

Forecast Results: Series. Forecast Results: Maps. Forecast Results: probabilities of exceedance. Changing Forecast Settings. Part III. Table of Contents Save As. Output Results. X Data Domain. Y Data Domain. Performance Measures. Scatter Plots. Duplicate validation options above or reorganize? Attributes Diagram. ROC Graphs. Weather Routte. Cumulative Profits Graph. Effective Interest Rate. Contingency Tables.

Cross-Validated Contingency Tables. Retroactive Contingency Tables. Scree Plots. CCA Maps. Forecast Series. Please follow the directions below. If Version is " Otherwise your license will come from AWR systems.

If you have both, you will get two licenses that will need to be combined into one file using a text editor. Currently licenses are using the AWR licensing daemons and this will change in the next few months to the Cadence licensing daemons. The procedure for requesting AWR support has changed. Please read all about the new AWR product support process. AWR Licensing.