Articles of confederation how many representatives

He was appointed Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in and was one of the founders of the University of the State of Pennsylvania. He served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania until his death in He was a member of the American Philosophical Society for over forty years.

William Clingan —William Clingan served as a justice of the peace for nearly thirty years from He served in Congress from and was the president of the Chester County, Pennsylvania courts from Joseph Reed —Joseph Reed was an important military and political figure during the Revolutionary War. He was a graduate of the College of New Jersey Princeton University and began practicing law in He served in Congress for one term beginning in and then became the head of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council from Reed served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania from until his death in Henry Laurens —Henry Laurens was a wealthy merchant, planter and politician who was opposed to the mercantile policy of the British but was not in support of some of the radical economic actions taken prior to the American Revolution.

He served in the Continental Congress from Laurens was captured by the British in on his way to Holland and was imprisoned in the Tower of London.

He was later set free in in exchange for British General Cornwallis. Laurens was chosen to help negotiate the Treaty of Paris that officially ended the Revolutionary War Because of his revolutionary leanings, he was both dismissed and resigned from those offices.

He served in Congress from until his untimely death in He returned to South Carolina in to set up a law practice. He was actively involved in state and local politics and served as a Captain in the Colleton County regiment during the Revolutionary War.

After serving in the Continental Congress from , Mathews was elected Governor of South Carolina in and He was later elected judge of the court of Chancery , the state House of Representatives and judge of the Court of Equity Richard Hutson —Richard Hutson graduated from Princeton College in and became a well-known judge, lawyer and politician.

He was actively involved in state politics and served in the Continental Congress from Augustine, Florida from He served as Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from Hutson was a member of the state constitutional convention of , which adopted the Federal Constitution.

Thomas Heyward, Jr. After his involvement in national politics, he returned to South Carolina and became a judge and a member of the state legislature.

After the war, he served two terms in the state legislature from William Ellery —William Ellery served with distinction in the Congress of the Confederation until when he accepted the post of Commissioner of the Continental Loan Office of Rhode Island. He served in that position until when he was appointed Customs Collector in Newport.

Although the British destroyed his home during the American Revolution, Ellery was later able to rebuild his fortune. Henry Marchant —Henry Marchant was a lawyer who graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.

He was the Attorney General of Rhode Island from and a member of the Assembly before being elected to Congress from He served as United States district judge for Rhode Island from John Collins —John Collins was a member of the Continental Congress from and and Governor of Rhode Island from While serving as Governor, Collins cast the deciding vote in the Rhode Island Senate to form a convention to vote upon the adoption or rejection of the Federal Constitution.

He was then elected to the first Congress of the United States but refused to take his seat. He was a Virginia state legislator from and served in the national Congress again from He supported the Constitution after the decision was made to include a bill of rights.

He was elected Senator from Virginia from However, Lee was forced to resign in due to poor health. He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and was elected to the Continental Congress in Banister was a Major and Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia militia during the Revolutionary War and fought during the British invasion of Virginia in He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and a member of Congress from After his term was completed in the Congress, Adams served in the Virginia State Senate from Adams died on his estate, "Cowpasture", in August of Harvie was an American lawyer, builder and politician who served in the Continental Congress from After , Harvie worked as a purchasing agent and helped supply the Virginia militia and Continental Army.

He died in after falling off a ladder while inspecting one of his building projects. He signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation as well as serving on both the military and marine committees during his time in Congress. He left Congress in and served a few years in the Virginia state legislature. Back To Top. Call to order: or order pocket constitution books online. No state, without the Consent of the united states in congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference agreement, alliance or treaty with any King prince or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince or foreign state; nor shall the united states in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility.

No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the united states in congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No state shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the united states in congress assembled, with any king, prince or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain.

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the united states in congress assembled, for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgment of the united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutered, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage.

When land-forces are raised by any state for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. All charges of war, and all other expences that shall be incurred for the common defence or general welfare, and allowed by the united states in congress assembled, shall be def rayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several states in proportion to the value of all land within each state, granted to or surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the united states in congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint.

The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several states within the time agreed upon by the united states in congress assembled.

The united states in congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following.

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the states which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the congress of the united states, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different states.

And the officers and men so cloathed, armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states in congress assembled. The united states in congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expences necessary for the defence and welfare of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine states assent to the same: nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the united states in congress assembled.

The congress of the united states shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six Months, and shall publish the Journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each state on any question shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any delegate; and the delegates of a state, or any of them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a transcript of the said Journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several states.

The committee of the states, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of congress, such of the powers of congress as the united states in congress assembled, by the consent of nine states, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine states in the congress of the united states assembled is requisite.

Canada acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the united states, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this union: but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine states. All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed and debts contracted by, or under the authority of congress, before the assembling of the united states, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the united states, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said united states, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged.

Every state shall abide by the determinations of the united states in congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every state, and the union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in a congress of the united states, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every state.

And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation and perpetual union. Know Ye that we the undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that pur pose, do by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of confederation and perpetual union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained: And we do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the united states in congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said confederation are submitted to them.

And that the articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the states we respectively represent, and that the union shall be perpetual.

In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania the ninth day of July in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Seventy-eight, and in the third year of the independence of America.

But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. From to , the Continental Congress served as the government of the 13 American colonies and later the United States.

The First Continental Congress, which was comprised of delegates from the colonies, met in in reaction to the Coercive Acts, a series of measures The Confederate States of America was a collection of 11 states that seceded from the United States in following the election of President Abraham Lincoln.

Led by Jefferson Davis and existing from to , the Confederacy struggled for legitimacy and was never James Madison was a founding father of the United States and the fourth American president, serving in office from to An advocate for a strong federal government, the Virginia-born Madison composed the first drafts of the U. Constitution and the Bill of He was an impassioned champion of a strong federal government, and played a key role in defending As a political activist and state legislator, he spoke out against British efforts to tax the colonists, and pressured merchants to boycott British products.

Instead of outlining a national system of elections to Congress, which would be more reflective of the overall population of the United States, the Articles of Confederation require that each state provide at least two delegates, regardless of the amount of land, population size, or wealth of that state.

Although John Dickinson's original draft of the Articles of Confederation included equal representation in Congress regardless of state size, other conservatives were deeply troubled by the implications of this form of representation. This issue became another debate between the radicals on one side and the conservatives on the other. The radicals argued that since the government of the United States was a loose confederation of equal and sovereign states, they must be equally represented in that confederation.

Furthermore, radicals insisted that Congress did not have the authority to determine how elections were to be carried out in the individual states, each of which had its own constitution and means for holding elections. SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Summary Article 5.