How do personality traits support a creative tendency

However, this interpretation will need to be framed in terms of the patterns yielded by the larger model. Although it was posited in an exploratory manner, the bi-factor model we applied is nonetheless theoretically justifiable and seems, for the current data, empirically sound. Lawbreaking was also, as expected, associated with low agreeableness see Eysenck and low conscientiousness, in line with predicted links between self-control deficits and antisocial behavior see also Dacey and Lennon ; Kipper et al.

CAQ scores were predicted by openness, which is a fairly standard finding Kaufman et al. On the other hand, the expected negative association between creative achievement and agreeableness was not observed. This might indicate that the variance in agreeableness that is usually associated with creativity has already been accounted for by the lawbreaking factor. Whatever underlies the phenotypic tendency towards lawbreaking could explain the consistent observation of low agreeableness in creative persons.

This might be P Eysenck or, if we cautiously interpret the trend for creativity to be associated with a resilient profile, it might be the fearless dominance or boldness factor in psychopathy Galang ; Galang et al. Alternatively, this might have been due to the inclusion of the general factor in the model, although we also note that this factor was not associated with creative achievement in this dataset.

The three type of personalities Asendorpf and van Aken ; Robins et al. The undercontrolled reported lower creative achievements and were higher in lawbreaking than the resilient and overcontrolled types.

The resilient type had significantly lower level of lawbreaking behaviors than the overcontrolled. The undercontrolled reported higher achievement in creative writing and invention than the resilient and the overcontrolled, while the resilient type reported higher achievement in dance, culinary art, and humor.

These patterns are in line with previous findings that showed that undercontrolled people are more impulsive and disobedient, with higher tendency to delinquency then two other types e.

Akse et al. Although our data seems to support the literature linking creativity with lawbreaking behavior, there have been recent, well-argued critiques levelled against the related claims. Most of these focus on moral reasoning and demonstrate that no necessary relationship exists between creativity and dishonest or unethical behavior when examining decision-making and justifications Shen et al.

While these results might pose a direct challenge for social cognitive accounts, this is less of a concern for personological theories that do not posit any such direct causal mechanisms. Both Eysenck and Galang believed that creativity and disagreeable behavior are not causally connected but are products of a common underlying personality process.

The fact that trait psychopathy does not seem to be strongly related to any particular deficit in moral reasoning Marshall et al. In addition, since our data concerns creative achievement, some of these critiques might not be directly relevant, since most of the contrary evidence and arguments seems to focus either on creativity tasks e. The results of this study should be read in light of some methodological limitations. Although the data is comprised of a large sample of adults, all participants were of the same age, so our findings cannot be easily generalized if we accept that cohort differences may play a role here.

It should also be emphasized that we jointly modelled two kinds of uncommon events: creative achievement and lawbreaking. As both these variables had over-dispersed Poisson distributions see also Silvia et al. We opted to model our variables as count measures rather than continuous scales, but further studies on how to properly treat data from these kinds of special populations — both highly creative or highly lawbreaking — should bring new insights and allow for even better understanding of the links between creativity and such socially undesirable tendencies.

This might have been partly ameliorated by the inclusion of the general latent factor, if indeed we are warranted in interpreting it as a putative social desirability factor.

Yet even if that were the case, it would still be desirable to perform future studies using more objective measures of lawbreaking behavior and the underlying systems that it possibly shares with creativity. In the future, it is worth to replicate the presented research beyond the sample from Poland and recruit to the sample instances of lawbreaking that might be more frequent e. In a large sample of middle-aged adults, we observed hypothesized relationships between personality traits on the one hand and two socially significant behaviors, namely lawbreaking and creativity, on the other.

A less commonplace but not entirely surprising result, given previous theorizing, was the association between creative achievement and lawbreaking. We believe that this adds to an already substantial body of literature supporting the relationship between socially undesirable tendencies and creativity, but also rules out other previously observed predictors e.

We thank the anonymous reviewer for this suggestion. RMSEA for a null model was estimated at. An anonymous reviewer has also suggested that given our focus on previous works that posit the role of P or dark triad for creativity, our study would benefit from re-constructing some dark triad factors from our Big Five measure.

Conceptually these items were closest to psychopathy or partially Machiavellianism rather than to narcissism. Acar, S. Psychoticism and creativity: A meta-analytic review.

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British Journal of Psychology, 77 , — These traits enable highly conscientious individuals to achieve success and satisfaction in all domains of their life, particularly work. For example, Furnham, Eracleous, and Chamorro-Premuzic found Conscientiousness to be significant predictors of job satisfaction.

Similarly, using a longitudinal approach, Judge et al. Also, Lounsbury et al. Interestingly, in the domain of health, Kesavayuth et al. However, the majority of evidence indicates a positive relationship between Conscientiousness and overall life satisfaction Furler et al.

Accordingly, the third part of the hypothesis is proposed: H2c Conscientiousness positively affects the level of Satisfaction with Life. Neuroticism is a strong and consistent negative correlate of job satisfaction Judge et al.

In contrast, emotional stability, the inverse of Neuroticism, has been found to have a positive influence on career satisfaction Lounsbury et al. Accordingly, the fourth part of the hypothesis is proposed: H2d Neuroticism negatively affects the level of Satisfaction with Life.

Unlike the other Big Five personality traits, Openness has a somewhat inconsistent relationship with satisfaction with life. Some studies have found a positive relationship Furler et al. Still, the attributes of intellectual curiously, imaginativeness, broad-mindedness, and originality Weele, are increasingly becoming important to live a fulfilling life as opportunities to gain new knowledge and try new experiences are becoming increasingly available to individuals.

Accordingly, the fifth and final part of the second hypothesis is proposed: H2e Openness to Experience positively affects the level of Satisfaction with Life. The relationship between innovativeness and satisfaction with life is complex and multi-faceted.

In line with this, Honkaniemi, Lehtonen, and Hasu found that high innovativeness has a significant positive relationship with well-being and vice versa. While a two-way, cyclical relationship may exist in the work domain, the influence of innovativeness on overall satisfaction with life is more linear. Nimrod and Kleiber postulated that the most significant role of innovativeness may be to create opportunities for individuals to lead a more challenging and meaningful life, which would, in turn, lead to greater well-being and satisfaction with life.

This was validated by the findings of Nimrod that innovative individuals were more likely to agree that they had achieved what they expected from life and indicated significantly higher satisfaction with life than non-innovative individuals.

Accordingly, the third hypothesis is proposed: H3 Individual Innovativeness positively affects Satisfaction with Life. The model proposed by this study is quite unique as it offers a new explanation of personality theory by embedding individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life derived from different personality traits.

The study proposes that innovativeness is driven by the personality traits, as described by Goldsmith and Foxall Openness to experience develops curiosity and willingness to learn and experience new things among individuals that leads to innovation Goldsmith, ; Hurt et al.

Individual innovativeness leads to sense of accomplishment and satisfaction with life Honkaniemi et al. Similarly, the other personality traits also influence individual's innovativeness one way or another. Number of studies propose association between personality traits and satisfaction with life persecutions. For instance, Furler et al. The study explores the influence of personality traits on innovation and satisfaction with life perceptions.

A conceptual model is proposed and tested empirically through statistical analysis. The unit of analysis is study is individuals, so data is collected from students studying in different universities of Pakistan. The students enrolled in executive programs, post graduate programs including MS and M.

Phil and PhD are also considered in data collection so that to incorporate the view points of respondents exposed to practical and professional life.

The data is collected through personally administered survey questionnaire. Some questions related to respondents demographics were also included in the questionnaire including; gender, age, education level in order to ensure participation of respondents with diverse socio-economic background.

The sample composition of this study includes; majority of respondents Majority of respondents were younger i. The fact remains that the survey was conducted among university students which normally consists of younger people. Respondents with higher years of age belong to some executive programs or some graduate programs.

The fact remains that the number of students enrolled in graduate programs is normally very low as compared to undergraduate programs.

Individual innovativeness instrument is adopted from Hurt et al. The sample items include; my peers often ask me for advice or information, I enjoy trying new ideas, I seek new ways to do things, I am generally cautious about accepting new ideas and I consider myself to be creative and original in my thinking and behavior.

The instrument to measure big five personality traits including, openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is adopted from Costa and McCrae as used by Lin The instrument consists of 15 items measured in 5 point Likert scale 1 does not apply to me at all to 5 strongly apply to me.

The instrument is measured on 5 point Likert scale where 1 for very dissatisfied and 5 for very satisfied. The sample item includes; in most ways my life is close to my ideal, the conditions of my life are excellent and I am satisfied with my life. The data analysis techniques used in this study includes, reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Structural equation model SEM technique is also performed to analyze data and test hypotheses proposed in this research.

SEM is widely used technique in social sciences as it removes observational error from the measurement of latent variables Hancock, The value of factor loading should be less than 0. The factor loading values of all items of our variables namely CSR, pride in membership, job satisfaction and employee engagement are well above standard criteria. Therefore, the all instruments are valid for measuring the construct as reported by the respondents.

The values of mode fit indices for CFA also meet cutoff parameters. The values of mode fit in this study are close to 0. The data is therefore; fit to be used for further analysis. The value of Cronbach alpha should be greater than 0.

The values of Cronbach alpha for all variables are; extraversion 0. It shows the reliability and validity of data and measurement instruments to be used for further analysis in this research. Correlation is used to examine the association between two variables. Pearson correlation measures the strength and nature of association between different variables.

Table 1 shows the correlation matrix, mean and standard deviation of different variables calculated through SPSS. The highest mean value is scored by satisfaction with life perceptions whereas lowest mean is neuroticism personality trait. The standard deviation values are also in normal range. The co-efficient of correlation matrix are also less than 0.

All relationships shows positive association except between neuroticism and individual innovativeness and neuroticism and satisfaction with life perceptions which are already supposed to be negative as discussed in the literature review section. The abbreviations of variables are also explained for the convenience of reader. Structural equation model SEM technique is used in this study to run regression analysis and test the proposed hypotheses.

The values of mode fit indices for SEM meet required parameters. The values of mode fit for SEM are close to 0. According to another parameter of model fit proposed by Wheaton et al. The results of hypotheses testing through SEM are presented in Table 3.

The results of hypotheses testing show positive and significant influence of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience on individual innovativeness, resulting acceptance of our hypotheses H1a—H1e.

Neuroticism is has negatively significant influence on individual innovativeness as proposed in theoretical discussion. Personality traits also significant influence on satisfaction with life perceptions, we therefore accept our hypotheses H2a—H2e. Finally, the study noted a positive association between individual innovativeness and perception with life, supporting our H3. The findings of empirical analysis confirm the theoretical associations proposed in the conceptual model of this study.

The structural equation model of this study is presented in Fig. The figure shows different paths proposed in this study. The results of regression including the coefficients beta values and the significance level as scored by each path. The findings of SEM path analysis provide empirical evidence of the theoretical model proposed by this study.

Structural equation model — path analysis. The empirically findings of this study as reported in Table 3 and Fig. The findings are consistent with literature. The study found positively significant association between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience on individual innovativeness. These findings are in line with previous studies for instance, Buchanan , Eastman et al. Rossberger and Steel et al. Buchanan and Hsieh et al.

Literature provides ample evidence related to negative influence of neuroticism on individual innovativeness for instance, Eastman et al. Finally, Buchanan , Hsieh et al. Personality traits have also influence on perceptions of satisfaction with life and wellbeing. Literature provides some direct and indirect evidence related to association between personality traits and perceptions of wellbeing for instance, Furler et al. Similarly, agreeableness is positively associated with perceptions of life satisfaction Furler et al.

A positive association is also noted between conscientiousness and satisfaction with life perception Furler et al. Finally, openness to experience is found positively and significantly associated with perceptions of wellbeing which is consistent with the findings of Furler et al. Literature provides evidence of two-way association between innovation and perceptions of wellbeing as Honkaniemi et al. Nimrod and Kleiber and Nimrod hold that the influence of innovativeness on overall satisfaction with life is more linear.

The current study also noted the positive association between individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life perceptions which is validates the findings of above mentioned researches. The empirical analysis supports the theoretical model proposed by this study. The study found strong association between personality traits and individual innovativeness, and satisfaction with life, moreover, innovativeness is also significantly associated with satisfaction with life perceptions.

The study examined the influence of personality traits on individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life perception. Wellbeing and satisfaction of employees is considered to be very important by organizations these days. Organizations are spending generous resources to promote wellbeing among its employees in order to ensure yield more innovation and productivity from employees. Management scholars are also striving to find ways to increase employees wellbeing and satisfaction with life.

Although there is plenty of research available on personality traits, this study extends the theory of personality traits which propose that human beings have different personality traits and that they behave in different environments in dissimilar ways.

The study concludes that all four personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience encourages innovativeness among individuals whereas neuroticism discourages innovativeness among individuals. The management and HR practitioners can use the findings of this study to promote individual innovativeness and wellbeing among employees in the organizations.

Organizations should introduce training programs that promote personality traits like; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness among employees to enhance their innovative capabilities and train employees to avoid neuroticism as it discourage innovativeness. Apart from training the existing employees, the managers should also assess the personality of potential employees during recruitment process in order to identify the candidates with high extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience and drop the individuals with higher level of neuroticism personality trait in the selection process.

The study proposed in depth understanding of personality traits of prospective and current employees by the managers in order to exploit their potential in more effective way. The innovativeness and wellbeing of employees can be increased by understanding their personality traits in a better way.

Research shows that employees are most neglected by organizations among all stakeholders, therefore, paying close attentions to employees and their personality types can result in increase of innovativeness among employees and a strong competitive advantage to the organizations.

The study used data collected from university students; the future researches may consider data collection from other respondents in order to generalize the findings to larger population.

The future research can also examine if the negative effects of neuroticism on individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life can be minimized or neuroticism may be shaped to some other personality trait may be openness to experience through training programs or not.

A study with longitudinal research design may also provide more authentic findings in future. Moreover, some contextual factors can also be incorporated to better explain this relationship. Some other mediating or moderating variables can also be introduced in model in order to better explain the associations proposed by this study.

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. ISSN: X. Personality traits, individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life. Descargar PDF. Imran Ali. Under a Creative Commons license.

Recibido 20 abril Aceptado 25 noviembre Table 1. Reliability and validity analysis.. The applications and implications of this research are discussed in details. Big-Five personality traits. Texto completo. Introduction The theory of personality traits postulates that people naturally deal with different situations and interact with their environment in different ways.

The Big Five personality traits and individual innovativeness Research ranging from the disciplines of psychology to management has determined that stable personality characteristics can be used to identify creative and innovative individuals Ahmed, Accordingly, the first part of the first hypothesis is proposed: H1a Extraversion positively affects the level of Individual Innovativeness The relationship between Agreeableness and individual innovativeness is somewhat complicated.

Accordingly, the second part of the hypothesis is proposed: H1b Agreeableness positively affects the level of Individual Innovativeness Not unlike Agreeableness, the literature pertaining to the influence of conscientiousness on innovativeness is divided. Accordingly, the third part of the hypothesis is proposed: H1c Conscientiousness positively affects the level of Individual Innovativeness The influence of neuroticism on innovativeness is much better understood.

Accordingly, the fourth part of the hypothesis is proposed: H1d Neuroticism negatively affects the level of Individual Innovativeness Of the Big Five personality traits, Openness to Experience has the strongest and most well-documented influence on innovativeness. Accordingly, the fifth and final part of the first hypothesis is proposed: H1e Openness to Experience positively affects the level of Individual Innovativeness The Big Five personality traits and satisfaction with life The concept of satisfaction with life is fundamentally subjective in that every individual has a unique set of criteria of what constitutes a fulfilling life.

Accordingly, the fourth part of the hypothesis is proposed: H2d Neuroticism negatively affects the level of Satisfaction with Life Unlike the other Big Five personality traits, Openness has a somewhat inconsistent relationship with satisfaction with life. Accordingly, the fifth and final part of the second hypothesis is proposed: H2e Openness to Experience positively affects the level of Satisfaction with Life Individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life The relationship between innovativeness and satisfaction with life is complex and multi-faceted.

Accordingly, the third hypothesis is proposed: H3 Individual Innovativeness positively affects Satisfaction with Life The model proposed by this study is quite unique as it offers a new explanation of personality theory by embedding individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life derived from different personality traits.

Method Sample and data collection The study explores the influence of personality traits on innovation and satisfaction with life perceptions. Measures and instruments Individual innovativeness instrument is adopted from Hurt et al.

Procedure The data analysis techniques used in this study includes, reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Reliability and validity analysis. Table 2. Correlation matrix. Significant at 0. Table 3. Hypothesis testing results. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1 , pp. Bakker, E. The job demands-resources model: State of the art.

In Lewis Terman's longitudinal study of gifted children, children with high IQs were shown to do better in life overall, but those with very high IQ weren't necessarily creative geniuses. Very few of those involved in the study demonstrated high levels of artistic achievement later in life. Csikszentmihalyi notes that studies suggest that there seems to be a cutoff point at around Having higher-than-average intelligence might contribute to creativity, but having an IQ over does not necessarily lead to greater creativity.

Balancing creativity with practical knowledge means knowing which ideas to pursue and which to rework or abandon. This skill set is an important aspect of being a creative person. Csikszentmihalyi notes that a playful attitude is one of the hallmarks of creativity, but this lightheartedness and excitement is also mirrored by a paradoxical trait: perseverance. When working on a project, creative people tend to exhibit determination and doggedness. They may work for hours on something , often staying up late into the night until they are satisfied with their work.

Consider what you would think if you met an artist. Their life may sound exciting, romantic, and glamorous. However, being a successful artist is also a lot of work, which many people may fail to see. A creative person realizes that true creativity involves combining both fun and hard work. An artistic or creative person may come across as carefree, however they can also be incredibly hardworking and driven when it comes to pursuing their passion. Creative people like to daydream and imagine the possibilities and wonders of the world.

They can immerse themselves in imagination and fantasy, yet remain grounded enough to turn their daydreams into reality. Creative types, ranging from scientists to artists and musicians, can come up with imaginative solutions to real-world issues.

While others may view their ideas as mere fantasies or as irrelevant, those with creative minds find practical ways to turn their notions into reality. While we often fall into the trap of categorizing people as solely extroverted or introverted , Csikszentmihalyi suggests that creativity requires combining both of these personality types. Creative people, he believes, are both extroverted and introverted. Research has shown that people do tend to be either more extroverted or introverted and that these traits are remarkably stable.

Creative people tend to exhibit characteristics of both introversion and extraversion at the same time. They can be both gregarious and reticent, sociable and quiet. Interacting with others can generate ideas and inspiration, and retreating to a quiet place allows creative individuals to fully explore these sources of creativity. Highly creative people tend to be proud of their achievements and accomplishments, yet they are also aware of their place.

They may have tremendous respect for others who work in their field and the influence that those previous innovations have had on their work. They can see that their work is often remarkable in comparison to that of others, but it is not something they focus on. Csikszentmihalyi observes that creative people are often so focused on their next idea or project that they don't fixate on their past achievements. Csikszentmihalyi believes that creative individuals resist, to at least some degree, the rigid gender stereotypes and roles that society often tries to enforce.

Creative girls and women tend to be more dominant than other girls and women, he suggests, while creative boys and men tend to be less aggressive and more sensitive than other males. Creative people tend to be able to embrace both their masculine and feminine sides.

This means they can simultaneously be sensitive and nurturing often labeled as feminine , as well as assertive and dominant often labeled as masculine.

Creative people are "out-of-the-box" thinkers by definition, and we often think of them as non-conformist and even a little bit rebellious. Csikszentmihalyi believes that it is impossible to be truly creative without having first internalized cultural norms and traditions.