Why novel drug delivery system

However, it is difficult to predict the in vivo performance of lipid dosage forms based on conventional in vitro techniques such as cell monolayer permeability studies because of the complexity of the gastrointestinal GI fluids processing of lipid formulations. In the study by Sadhukha et al. Although, lipolysis is considered an important in vitro method to evaluate the in vivo performance of lipid systems, results indicate that the lipid digestion products lead to disruption of cell monolayer, and thus, it may not be appropriate to combine lipolysis with cell monolayer permeability studies.

Next, the work from Almeida et al. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic drug, but, has a limited oral efficiency due to its hydrophobicity. Therefore, it is concluded that the CS-g-PCL micelles, employed for the first time as paclitaxel carriers, may be a potential mucoadhesive system for intestinal delivery of hydrophobic anticancer agents.

The need for topical delivery led to the search for novel carriers which not only carry the molecule to the desired site but also manage their effects to produce the extended effect. Many vesicular lipid drug delivery systems have been explored to obtain the optimized formulations with tailor-made properties. Organogels have generated great interest to facilitate the transport of drugs through the topical route because of their structural and functional benefits.

These are clear, thermodynamically stable, and biocompatible gel-like systems, primarily composed of hydrated phospholipids and organic liquid. Among these, lanolin-based organogels are selected by Sharma et al. As results say, organogels not only improve the delivery of salicylic acid but also reduce the skin irritant potential.

The current findings provide an alternative for development of an effective topical formulation of salicylic acid for the treatment of hyperkeratotic lesions. The application of nanoemulsions in cosmetics has been enlarged in the last decades because of several formulation advantages such as improvement in the penetration of drugs through the human skin, comparing to conventional emulsion. The work from Musazzi et al. Results demonstrate that nanoemulsions significantly influence the permeation profiles of molecules as a function of their physicochemical properties.

Considering such findings, it is worth reconsidering the regulatory framework based on the risk assessment of nanoemulsion-based cosmetic products. Back of the eye diseases are the major source of vision loss especially in aging patients. While there are many medications to treat these conditions, the challenge remains to deliver them effectively with a sustained release profile and minimal side effects.

Current treatments containing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents need frequent intravitreal administration generally per month due to their high clearance from ocular fluid and instability in biological environment. This generates poor patient compliance accompanied by numerous side effects and an increase in the cost of the therapy. As a result, the work from Agrahari et al. The investigation compares the effect of hydrodynamic diameter of macromolecules, polymer arrangements various ratios and molecular weight , and hydrophobicity on the release profile of macromolecules.

The outcome of this study suggests that the pentablock copolymer-based composite nanosystems are a promising platform for the posterior and anterior segment eye diseases. The sense of hearing is essential, and its dysfunctions can strongly impact on the quality of life.

In this context, the cochlea plays a fundamental role in the transformation of the airborne sound waves into electrical signals, which can be processed by the brain. However, several diseases and external stimuli can damage the sensorineural structures of the cochlea, inducing progressive hearing dysfunctions until deafness.

Several innovative drug delivery systems such as in situ gels, nanocarriers, and nanocarrier-loaded hydrogels are designed for inner ear drug delivery approaches, and their efficacy has been proven in cochlear models. Mechanism of action of T against influenza virus. Agents Chemother. Cai, Q. Engineering Beijing , , 6 10 , Xu, X. USA , , 20 , Zhou, M. Gautret, P. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial.

Agents , , 56 1 , Cunningham, A. Revised information for investigational covid convalescent plasma. Caly, L. Antiviral Res.

Zhou, N. Zhu, Z. Akram, M. Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: a systematic review. Sharma, P. Novel drug delivery approaches on antiviral and antiretroviral agents. Benson, H. Transdermal drug delivery: penetration enhancement techniques. Drug Deliv. Chudasama, A. Investigation of microemulsion system for transdermal delivery of itraconazole. Peira, E. Formulation studies of microemulsions for topical applications of acyclovir.

Delivery of antiviral agents in liposomes. Methods Enzymol. Manjunatha, N. Preparation and evaluation of liposomes of an antiviral drug. Therefore, to maintain the concentration of drug within the therapeutical window we are in need of a novel drug delivery system in order to minimize undesired effects and maximize therapeutic benefits.

Many medications such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, vaccines, and gene-based drugs, in general, may not be taken by using conventional routes because they might be susceptible to enzymatic degradation, have poor bioavailability, poor penetration of the intestinal mucosa.

Protein and peptide drugs can only be taken as injections. In order to alleviate the aforementioned shortcomings, a Novel Drug Delivery System has been introduced and developed.

A Novel Drug Delivery System NDDS can be defined as a new approach that combines innovative development, formulations, new technologies, novel methodologies for delivering pharmaceutical compounds in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired pharmacological effects. It may include scientific site-targeting within the body, improves drug potency, control drug release with prolonged pharmacological effect. It involves the development of novel, better and safer drugs with long half-life and large therapeutic indices.

Before drawing any conclusion, let us throw some light on the potential future prospects and applications of NDDS. Keywords: Herbal medicines; herbs; novel drug delivery system; phytopharmaceuticals.

Abstract Novel drug delivery system is a novel approach to drug delivery that addresses the limitations of the traditional drug delivery systems.