Which is older catholicism or orthodoxy

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Kenninck, opened the Conference with prayer in Greek. Bishop Moog, as Bishop of the place where the Conference was being held, welcomed the members and dwelt on the importance of the Conferences on Re-union which had met there in the years and under the leadership of Dollinger, the continuation of these negotiations through the Rotterdam Committee, on the one hand, and the Petersburg Committee--Kireeff-Janyshev--on the other, and finally through the Oecumenical Conference and its representative, the Vice-President, Metropolitan Germanos.

Conference on Re-Union , p. The Metropolitan Germanos returned thanks for the welcome and proposed Archbishop Kenninck as President, inasmuch as the Old Catholic Church was entertaining them.

Archbishop Kenninck in return proposed the Metropolitan Germanos, because the initiative for the present Conference came from the Orthodox Church. This initiative is due to the great interest which the Orthodox Church has shown from the beginning in the Old Catholic movement.

Kenninck, Archbishop of Utrecht, 2 Prof. Muhlhaupt, parish priest at Bonn, 5 C. Wijker, President and Professor at the Seminary at Amersfort. The Metropolitan Germanos, who had been elected President, laying emphasis on the difficulties on account of which the Russian Church could not send any representatives as was the case also at Athos in and Lambeth, , added that this was the more grievous because the Russian Church, both clergy and laity, had from the first shown their sympathy for the Old Catholic Church and nearness to her and he hoped that these difficulties would be removed in the future.

While Archbishop Kenninck declared that the present Western Delegation had full authority to accept the decisions of the present Conference in the name of its churches, the Metropolitan Germanos said that he must decline such plenipotentiary powers on behalf of the Orthodox Church, since the present discussions would serve only as preparations or proposals for the local Churches and from these would be passed on through the Oecumenical Patriarchate to the Eastern Pro-Synod, which would meet in June, and to which the confirmation of to-day's decisions would be reserved.

Professor Dr. Muhlhaupt was called by Archbishop Kenninck to fill the place of the absent Bishop Paschek of Czecho-Slovakia, as member and secretary. The three secretaries would compare their notes at each session and prepare a joint statement. Basing himself upon the preparatory correspondence which had passed between the Metropolitan Germanos and Archbishop Kenninck, the President put this question to the Old Catholic Committee: What are the fundamental documents for Old Catholic teaching?

In reply the Conference was referred to the Declaration of Utrecht, put out by the Old Catholic Bishops on September 24th, , to the Old Catholic Catechisms and to their liturgical books, which were laid before the members present to form the basis of the discussions. This discussion started from the first article of the Declaration of Utrecht. The conclusion was that all the seven Councils are to be accepted. Because, however, sometimes only the first four Oecumenical Councils are regarded as important--while the others are regarded as secondary on account of the lesser importance of the subjects treated at them--the Old Catholics accordingly added in the first article the No.

In the discussion on Creeds it was acknowledged unanimously that the official Creed is that of Nikaea-Constantinople without the addition , but that besides this there is--as a baptismal Creed--the so-called Apostles' Creed, which is in use in the West.

The Metropolitan Germanos brought forward the question of the Filioque. In Germany and Austria the liturgical books still retain the Filioque in brackets, but, according to the statement of Bishop Moog, it will be deleted in the new edition of these books also.

This agreement was greeted with joy by the Orthodox Committee and Archbishop Kenninck is contemplating the publication of an Encyclical on this subject to all the Old Catholic Churches. The Metropolitan of Thyatira brought forward the question of "Holy Tradition. Tradition is the explanation and completion of Holy Scripture, through the unanimous and written tradition of the Ancient Church.

See Old Catholic Catechism , p. The richness of the spiritual practices of the Western and Eastern Churches nearly defy categorisation. Nevertheless, certain customary differences stand out. While Roman Catholics tend to use statues to represent the saints, the Orthodox Church has a rich iconographic or pictorial tradition.

In Roman Catholic Churches, unleavened bread made without yeast is used in church rituals, while leavened bread is employed by the Orthodox Church. The latter permits married priests but western Catholic priests are required to remain single and abstain from sexual relations. This meant that the West and East celebrated church feasts such as Christmas and Epiphany on different dates.

There were differences of opinion within these two broad camps as well, but in general, Eastern fathers were more speculative while Western fathers were more practical. Key early debates centered on Christology and whether Rome or Constantinople could claim supremacy in Christendom.

We see the two "sides" lining up against each other at the Council of Nicea and the Council of Chalcedon , as well as in other ways. For more on this, see Mark Noll's excellent book Turning Points. Technically the East-West Schism occurred in , when the pope and the Orthodox patriarch excommunicated each other. But the bodies that became the two churches had been drifting apart for a long time already.

There were attempts at reconciliation until crusaders sacked Constantinople in , which pretty much sealed the split. To find out more about Eastern Orthodoxy, see CH issue