Chapter 17 american pageant 11th edition

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The dispute became violent in the Aroostook War , largely by lumberjacks fighting on each side over who'd get to chop down the lumber. The treaty drew a line generally at the Aroostook River and roughly split the difference of land. Unbeknownst then, the Mesabi iron ore range became an extremely valuable piece of land and helped supply the American industrial revolution's need for iron ore to make steel.

It was eager to join the U. This concerned the U. The American thinking then wondered that, if Texas "buddied-up" with England, the results would be… American cotton would decline in value since Texas would supply England. The Monroe Doctrine would be undercut because England would have a toehold in the Americas. The urge to annex Texas grew. The issues still were… The North decried the Southern "slavocracy" a perceived Southern "slave-conspiracy" to always gain more slave land.

If the U. Britain was eager to have an ally in Texas to help undercut the growing American power. The obvious benefits, however, of annexing Texas would be tons of land and economic possibilities. In , Polk ran for president on a very clear pro-expansion platform. His victory was seen as a "mandate" for manifest destiny the people essentially voted for expansion. Early in Texas was invited to join the U. Unsurprisingly, Mexico was not happy and charged that the U.

The first two dropped their claims leaving England and America. England had the earliest claim and a strong one based on occupation north of the Columbia River. Robert Gray along the coast and Columbia River and Lewis and Clark's expedition into the heart of the Oregon territory.

For years English and American settlers simply shared Oregon side-by-side. In the early 's, however, "Oregon fever" struck many Americans and they followed the Oregon Trail out west.

With the population growing, it was becoming clear that a settlement must be reached as to who owned Oregon. A Mandate? Polk defeated Henry Clay for president. Polk was known as "Young Hickory" after Andrew Jackson due to his similar beliefs and his birth in Pineville, NC only some 20 miles from Jackson's birthplace. Polk ran on a very clear "Manifest Destiny" platform. To vote for Polk was to vote for expansion. Polk's victory was perceived by him as a "mandate" by the American people—an order to go ahead with expansion of the United States.

Polk laid out a 4-point mission for himself and the nation then achieved all 4 points in 4 years. His goals were to… Lower the tariff. Restore the independent treasury put U. Clear up the Oregon border issue. Get California. Polk and his Sec. Northern industrialists cried foul and warned of economic despair it never happened. The independent treasury was restored despite complaints of Whigs. The Oregon border issue was settled. England and the U. British leverage was small in Oregon and diminishing every day as more and more Americans were moving out there.

The agreement was to roughly split the land at the 49th parallel excluding Vancouver. Polk agreed and the Senate agreed and it was final. Some Americans wondered why the U. The answer was coldly that England was strong and Mexico was weak. Misunderstandings with Mexico The final goal, getting California, posed a problem—it belonged to Mexico.

The American tradition in acquiring land was forming— a the U. These are the actions Polk took. Mexico was still upset at the U. The attempt to purchase had failed; it was time for more aggressive actions. The North decried the Southern "slavocracy" a supposed Southern conspiracy to always gain more slave land.

America could not just boldly annex Texas without a war with Mexico. Overseas, Britain wanted an independent Texas to check American expansionism. Yet, Texas would be good boost for American cotton production and provide tons more land. What to do?! Polk and his expansionist ideas won the election of His election was seen as a "mandate for manifest destiny," so the following year, Texas was formally invited to become the 28th state of the Union. Mexico complained that Americans had despoiled it of Texas, which was partly true, but as it turned out, Mexico would not have been able to reconquer their lost province anyway.

Once claimed by Russia, Spain, England, and the U. However, Americans had strong claims south of the Columbia River named after his ship by Robert Gray when he discovered the river , since they populated it much more. Plus, the Americans occupied and had explored the interior of the land, thanks to Lewis and Clark. The Oregon Trail, an over mile trail across America, was a common route to Oregon during the early s. A Mandate? Polk, having been Speaker of the House for four years and governor of Tennessee for two terms.

On the issue of Texas, Clay tried to say two things at once, and thus, it cost him, since he lost the election to in the Electoral; 1,, to 1,, in the popular by votes in New York.

Polk the Purposeful Polk laid out a 4-point mission for himself and the nation then achieved all 4 points in 4 years Lower the tariff Restore the independent treasury put U.

Despite warnings of doom, the new tariff was followed by good times. He also restored the independent treasury in and wanted to acquire California and settle the Oregon dispute. Under Polk, the Oregon border issue was settled. England and the U. Misunderstandings with Mexico Polk wanted California, but this was difficult due to strained U.

Also, when Texas claimed its southern boundary to be the Rio Grande and not the Nueces River like Mexico said, Polk felt that he had to defend Texas and did so. American Blood on American?

Soil A frustrated Polk now forced a showdown, and on Jan. Mountain whites, those who lived isolated in the wilderness under Spartan frontier conditions, hated white aristocrats and Blacks, and they were key in crippling the Southern secessionists during the Civil War.

In the deep South, they were usually mulattoes Black mother, White father who was usually a master freed when their masters died.

Many owned property; a few owned slaves themselves. Free Blacks were prohibited from working in certain occupations and forbidden from testifying against whites in court; and as examples of what slaves could be, Whites resented them.

In the North, free Blacks were also unpopular, as several states denied their entrance, most denied them the right to vote and most barred them from public schools.

Northern Blacks were especially hated by the Irish, with whom they competed for jobs. Antiblack feeling was stronger in the North, where people liked the race but not the individual, than in the South, were people liked the individual but not the race. Plantation Slavery Although slave importation was banned in , smuggling of them continued due to their high demand and despite death sentences to smugglers However, the slave increase 4 million by was mostly due to their natural reproduction.

Slaves were an investment, and thus were treated better and more kindly and were spared the most dangerous jobs, like putting a roof on a house, draining a swamp, or blasting caves. Usually, Irishmen were used to do that sort of work. Slavery also created majorities or near-ones in the Deep South, and the states of South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana accounted for half of all slaves in the South.

Some were promised freedom after ten children born. Laws that tried to protect slaves were difficult to enforce. Forced separation of spouses, parents and children seem to have been more common in the upper South, among smaller plantations.

In contrast to the White planters, Africans avoided marriage of first cousins. They worked as slowly as they could without getting lashed. They stole food and sabotaged expensive equipment. Rebellions, such as the insurrection by a slave named Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia, and the Charleston rebellion led by Denmark Vesey , and the revolt semiliterate preacher Nat Turner , were never successful. Whites became paranoid of Black revolts, and they had to degrade themselves, along with their victims, as noted by distinguished Black leader Booker T.

Early Abolitionism In , the American Colonization Society was founded for the purpose of transporting Blacks back to Africa, and in , the Republic of Liberia was founded for Blacks to live.

Most Blacks had no wish to be transplanted into a strange civilization after having been partially Americanized. By , virtually all slaves were not Africans, but native-born African-Americans.