Tronco encefalico pdf

Nervio troclear izquierdo 3 1 2 2 4. Sustancia negra 8 8 7. Acueducto de Silvio 11 8. Hemisferios cerebelosos 10 9. Vermis cerebeloso 9 Cisura primaria Otro superior o protuberancial que se introduce en la parte media de la protuberancia. Tronco basilar 6. Arterias paramedianas 2. Arteria cerebelar anteroinferior 7. Arteria cerebral posterior 3.

Arteria cerebelar superior 8. Arteria vertebral 4. Arteria cerebelar posteroinferior C. Arterias circunferenciales cortas TE. III par 6. V par izquierdo 8. Seno longitudinal superior 2. Espacio subaracnoideo 4 3. Cisterna cerebelosa superior 6 6. Hemisferio cerebeloso izquierdo 10 Cisterna magna 11 Cisura perpendicular interna 10 9 3 R 6 8 4.

Cisura calcarina 5 11 12 26 Cuerpo calloso: 17 4 14 15 16 5. Pico 13 23 21 6. Rodilla 31 18 22 7. Cuerpo 24 8. Rodete 30 19 9. A ambos lados del surco basilar hay solevantamientos, llamados Rodetes Piramidales, que corresponden a fibras motoras. En los dos tercios superiores o mitad pontina, hay una serie de elementos que se distinguen organizadamente en cada uno de los lados. Sustancia Gris. Curvatura pontina: contribuye al desplazamiento lateral del cuerno dorsal.

A ella pertencen: pdfMachine - is a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se! Columna Visceral Aferente General y Especial: esta columna, se relaciona con la base del cuerno dorsal enteroceptiva. Nutr, Campinas, v. Acesso em: 09 abr.

Acesso em: 02 mai. Fatores que interferem no tempo entre o nascimento e a primeira mamada. Acesso em: 18 mai. Temas psicol. Acesso em: 23 abr. M et al. Et al. Acesso em: 17 mai. Acesso em: 20 mai. Acesso em: 13 abr. Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Departamento de Nutrologia. Aleitamento materno. Saude Mater. World Health Organization. Global nutrition policy review: what does it take to scale up nutrition action? Geneva: World Health Organization; J Pediatr.

Acesso em: 10 abr. Acesso em: 08 abr. Barbosa et al. Acesso em: 10 jun. Acesso em: 12 mai. Porto Alegre, v. Acesso em: 06 jun. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, BUSS, P. Acesso em: 08 mai. Acesso em: 09 jun. REME, v. Acesso em: 14 abr. Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil por mil nascidos vivos — Brasil — a Brasil, LIMA, R.

Trop, Rio de Janeiro, v. Acesso em: 06 mai. Acesso em: 24 mai. Acesso em: 08 jun. Acesso em: 28 abr. Acesso em: 16 mai. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Acesso em: 15 abr. Acesso em: 20 abr. Acesso em: 19 abr. Diabetes Mellitus. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e organizados em forma de tabelas.

Fonte: dados obtidos pelos pesquisadores. Multicenter study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the urban Brazilian population aged 69 yr. The research was carried out through the process of territorialization, having as variables age, anthropometric measures and classification of cardiovascular risk of patients, obtained through quantitative and documentary surveys. The results were presented in the form of a magnetic board containing map that includes classification of cardiovascular risks of the participants.

It should be emphasized that data are dynamic, that is, they can be altered by UBS employees, as population changes its epidemiological profile. It was verified that, from the point of view of epidemiological profile, the hypertensives of this unit resemble the national scenario, both in the aspects of age group, as well as cardiovascular risk and body mass index.

Brasil, 15 capitais e Distrito Federal a Curitiba: SESA, Epidemic that settled and maintained itself in the following years. Knowing the characteristics of the population allows us to leverage new initiatives on prevention and care strategies, previously without epidemiological profile of the groups.

The objective of the present study was to compare the epidemiological profile of individuals infected with CHIKV in Salvador and cities of the metropolitan region in the period of and The variables of the study were: sex, age group, schooling and line of patients with pacifiers and confirmed CHIKV in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, by 13 municipalities. These dates were analyzed and published in August and processed in Microsoft Office Excel, version The main steps were demonstrated in cases of CHIKV infection reported in Salvador between and a reduction in , compatible with data from other regions of Bahia.

In addition, a variable black race, female, between the ages of 35 and 49 and high school were the groups that have already registered. Em , contabilizou-se De acordo com Oliveira et al. Chikungunya virus infection: report of the first case diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v.

Risco do chikungunya para o Brasil. Acesso em: 31 de ago. Acesso em: 06 de set. Revista Portuguesa de Cirurgia, vol. Rio de Janeiro, Acesso em 06 set. Os efeitos do crescimento urbano sobre a dengue. Barueri, SP: Manole, Chikungunya: fact sheet. Acesso em: 06 de out. Resultados: De acordo com os dados analisados, foram notificados um total de 21 casos de esquistossomose em Aracaju, sendo 11 do sexo feminino e 10 do sexo masculino.

It is the responsibility of the municipalities to regularly carry out active search and treatment of carriers over the long term to maintain low prevalence and reduce the onset of severe forms.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of schistosomiasis in Aracaju during the year of Methodology: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data from the Notification of Interlocutory Information System.

Data were extracted during with reference to the city of Aracaju. The variables analyzed were: number of notified cases, sex and age of the affected rights. Results: According to the treatment data, a total of 21 cases of schistosomiasis were reported in Aracaju, 11 females and 10 males.

The most affected age group was between 20 and 39 years old, corresponding to Conclusions: It is not a big distinction between male and female. The most affected age group was in both sexes from 20 to 39 years old, which can generate the consequences as a reduction in the productive capacities of young women, interfering with their socioeconomic status.

Os principais caramujos infestados pela larva do S. Elas permanecem vivas durante 48 horas. O ovo do S. Anna Nery, Rio de Janeiro , v.

Epub Dec 10, Rev Bras Clin Med. Rev Bras Clin Med ;9 4 Environmental factors seem to influence the epidemiology of DT1, such as: diet in childhood and adolescence, level of vitamin D, sun exposure, viruses, duration of breastfeeding, weaning and immunization.

The objective of this study was to identify by means of association between vitamin D and glycemic control, methods of prevention and treatment of diabetes type 1. Methodology: The present study befriended is a review of the literature, where we used the databases PubMed and Scielo, ScienceDirect with temporal clipping from to , with the descriptors used so associated and isolates were "Type 1 Diabetes", "vitamin D" and "Glycemic control", in English and Portuguese.

Results and Discussion: Several studies indicate a relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of an individual to develop diabetes or glucose intolerance. In addition, its major metabolite, hydroxyvitamin D, has great relevance in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis through distinct mechanisms.

Conclusions: vitamin D deficiency was present in most of the studies investigated with DT1, however, in none of the studies association was found between this vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control. Segunda Ferraz Ferraz et al. Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, v. Assessment and treatment of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva, v.

HU Revista, v. Acesso em: 8 maio Acesso em: 9 maio Acesso em: 4 maio Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Curitiba, v. Given the number of mutations present in the PAH gene and the influence on the PKU phenotype, we evaluated the therapeutic advances regarding the genotype-phenotype relationships and how the mutations influence the response to pharmacological treatment of PKU.

We selected 15 articles involving research in humans in the last five years. Thus, the development of new therapies have been pursued such as chaperones and genomic technologies, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcriptional activators such as effector nucleases TALENs and short grouped and regularly interspersed palindromic repetitions CRISPR.

Thereby, there are differences in therapeutic responses due to the genotypic-phenotypic variations of each patient. Segundo o autor Danecka et al. De acordo com Sato et al.

LU et al. Neste estudo, foi verificada a resposta de c. Em uma segunda pesquisa, realizada na China, descrita por Zhang et al. Trunzo et al. Molecular Genetics And Metabolism, Philadelphia, v. Molecular epidemiology, genotype— phenotype correlation and BH4 responsiveness in Spanish patients with phenylketonuria. Journal Of Human Genetics, v. Mapping the functional landscape of frequentphenylalanine hydroxylase PAH genotypes promotes personalised medicine in phenylketonuria.

Journal Of Medical Genetics, London, v. Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Shandong province, China.

New protein structures provide an updated understanding of phenylketonuria. Genotype-phenotype associations in French patients with phenylketonuria and importance of genotype for full assessment of tetrahydrobiopterin responsiveness.

Functional Characterization of Novel Phenylalanine Hydroxylase p. Biochemical Genetics, Switzerland, v. Sensitivas: acerca de la consceuencia de la accin. Tales como andar, correo, mascar chicle. Combinan caractersticas de las r.

Reflejas y voluntarias. En general son parte de una secuencia generada voluntariamente Conducir un coche, tocar piano etc.

Son propositivos y en gran medida aprendidos mejoran con la prctica. Segundo nivel de la jerarqua motora: el tronco enceflico Contiene sistemas neuronales que integran las ordenes procedentes de niveles superiores.

Se relaciona con el movimiento de ajustes corporales contiene los nucleos de los nervios craneales y vestibulares reciben informacin de la posicin de la cabeza desde el odo interno A excepcin del haz piramidal, todas las vas motoras que descienden a la mdula tienen su origen ah.

Vias mediales: Implicadas en el control de la postura inervan los msculos axiales y proximales Los tractos vestibulares trasnportan informacin desde el laberinto vestibular para elcontrol reflejo de la postura y el equilibrio. Los reticuloespinales tienen su origen en ncleo de la formacin reticular de la protuberancia y de la mdula son importantes para el mantenimiento de la postura.

El tracto tectoespinal es importante para la coordinacin de los movimientos de la cabeza y los ojos. Tiene su origen en el colculo superior y es controlado por el cortex cerebral. Sus fibras descienden a travs del bulbo hacia la parte dorsal de la columna lateral de la mdula espinal y terminan entre el grupo de motoneuronas que inervan los msculos de los miembros distales.

La corteza motora acta sobre las motoneuronas espinales mediante dos vas: directa va tracto corticoespinal e indirecta corticobulbar , a travs de las vas del tronco. La habilidad para organizar actos motores complejos y finos depende de las ordenes provenientes del crtex motor.

Las corticobulbares controlan los nervios craneales faciales. Las corticoespinales controlan msculos del tronco y extremidades.

Las vas Corticoespinales Viajan a travs de la cpsula blanca interna hasta la porcin ventral del mesencfalo, a la altura del puente se separan en varias ramificaciones y en el bulbo se reagrupanpara formar el haz piramidal. Las fibras cruzadas descienden por la parte dorsal de las columnas laterales de la mdula formando los tractos corticoespinales laterales Las fibras que no decusan descienden por las columnas ventrales formando los tractos corticoespinales ventrales.

Dos orgenes de las vas corticoespinales. El tracto corticoespinal lateral tiene su origen en dos reas motoras 4 y 6 y en tres areas sensoriales 1,2 y 3. El tracto se cruza en la decusacin piramidal. El rea 6 o premotora est estrechamente conectada con el cx prefrontal y parietal posterior.

Estas reas son responsables de identificar objetos en el espacio, elegir la accin y programar el movimiento. El tracto corticoespinal ventral, que no se cruza, tiene su origen en el area 6 y en regiones del area 4 que controlan cuello y tronco. Cmo pueden las neuronas corticales codificar la direccin del movimiento de un brazo que, por tener varias articulaciones requiere la contraccin de msculos distintos? Estudios con monos han demostrado que el disparo de neuronas individuales vara dependiendo de la direccin del movimiento.

La suma de los disparos de varias neuronas determinara la direccin del movimiento. Al igual que el cortex somatosensorial y el cortex visual primario las neuronas del crtex motor estn organizadas en columnas funcionales y cada columna gobierna un msculo concreto. Las neuronas del cortex motor reciben informacin acerca de las consecuencias de los movimientos. Tienen campos receptores que responden a estmulos tactiles producidos por las contracciones musculares , al alargamiento de los msculos o a la rotacin de las articulaciones.

Cx somatosensorial Cx motor. Areas premotoras: preparan los sistemas motores para el movimiento. Su estimulacin provoca contracciones coordinadas. Mientras que las lesiones del cortex motor primario provocan debilidad las lesiones en areas premotoras deterioran la capacidad para establecer estrategias de movimiento. Cortex premotor: Controla movimientos proximales.

Su entrada principal proviene del Cx parietal posterior claves visuales y , al igual que la suplementaria proyecta sobre el cx motor primario. Motora suplementaria: Programa secuencias motoras, no est ligada directamente a la ejecucin del movimiento sino a su planificacin imaginar vs, hacer. Coordina movimientos bilaterales.

Sustancia blanca en la parte externa y sustancia gris islotes Centros vitales: respiracin, ritmo cardiaco, FR regulacin de actividad. Es una estructura alargada y ligeramente aplastada de delante a atrs.

Ventral al sistema cavitario. Tres partes: bulbo medula oblonga , puente, pednculos cerebrales mesencfalo que se continan con la regin subtalmica del diencfalo. Dorsal al sistema cavitario: cerebelo, superficie dorsal de bulbo y puente. Cerebelo: Situado por detrs del tronco enceflico unido por los pennculos cerebelares. Pueden distinguirse tres caras: superior, inferior y anterior.