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Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively. Interpolation shall only be carried out between values of the same sign. Where no value of the same sign is given, assume 0.

Where two values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the windward roof slope is subjected to either positive or negative pressures and the roof structure shall be designed for both conditions.

For monoslope roofs, entire roof surface is either a windward or leeward surface. For flexible buildings use appropriate Gf as determined by Section Refer to Figure Notation: B: Horizontal dimension of building, in feet meter , measured normal to wind direction. L: Horizontal dimension of building, in feet meter , measured parallel to wind direction.

G: Gust effect factor. For mansard roofs, the top horizontal surface and leeward inclined surface shall be treated as leeward surfaces from the table. Adapted from Eurocode, Notes: 1. Two load cases shall be considered: Case A. Cp values between A and B and between B and C shall be determined by linear interpolation along arcs on the dome parallel to the wind direction; Case B. Cp is constant on the dome surface for arcs of circles perpendicular to the wind direction; for example, the arc passing through B-B-B and all arcs parallel to B-B-B.

The total horizontal shear shall not be less than that determined by neglecting wind forces on roof surfaces. Values listed are for the determination of average loads on main wind force resisting systems. For wind directed parallel to the axis of the arch, use pressure coefficients from Fig. For components and cladding: 1 At roof perimeter, use the external pressure coefficients in Fig.

It is included for information purposes. Because it is not necessary to have the standard to local conditions. In others, a consider- supplementary material for every section in the able amount of detailed information is needed to put standard, there are gaps in the numbering in the the provisions into effect. This commentary provides commentary. Simultaneously with this addition, the importance factors for wind loads have been deleted as changes to the new wind hazard maps adopted by the standard incorporate consideration of less probable design winds for structures assigned to higher risk categories, negating the need for separate importance factors.

Further commentary on this issue may be found in the commentary to Chapter The risk categories in Table 1. For many years, this Standard used the term Occupancy Category, as have the building codes. The risk category numbering is unchanged from that in the previous editions of the standard ASCE , , and , but the criteria for selecting a category have been generalized with regard to structure and occu- pancy descriptions.

Model building codes such as the such as explosives or toxins, which if released in International Building Code ICC and NFPA- quantity could endanger the surrounding community, NFPA contain prescriptive lists of such as structures in petrochemical process facilities building types by occupancy category. Individual containing large quantities of H2S or ammonia. These factors cause disruption to civilian life by depriving users of include the total number of persons who would be at access to important emergency information using risk were failure to occur, the total number of persons radio, television, and phone communication and by present in a single room or occupied area, the mobil- causing substantial economic losses associated with ity of the occupants and their ability to cope with widespread interruption of business.

Risk Cat- Risk Category IV facilities during an emergency also egory II includes the vast majority of structures, are included in this risk category. In addition Risk Category III includes buildings and struc- to essential facilities, buildings and other structures tures that house a large number of persons in one containing extremely hazardous materials have been place, such as theaters, lecture halls, and similar added to Risk Category IV to recognize the potential assembly uses; buildings with persons having limited devastating effect a release of extremely hazardous mobility or ability to escape to a safe haven in the materials may have on a population.

It has also structural failure. The principle of requiring more stringent in the event of failure. Figure C illustrates this loading criteria for situations in which the conse- concept. The lives at risk from a situations when it is acceptable to assign multiple risk structural failure include persons who may be outside categories to a structure based on use and the type of the structure in question who are nonetheless put at load condition being evaluated.

For instance, there are serious risk by failure of the structure. From this circumstances when a structure should appropriately concept, emergency recovery facilities that serve large be designed for wind loads with importance factors populations, even though the structure might shelter greater than one, but would be penalized unnecessar- relatively few people, are moved into the higher risk ily if designed for seismic loads with importance categories.

An example would be a When determining the population at risk, consid- hurricane shelter in a low seismic area. The design and in Risk Category II for seismic design.

Similarly, the loss materials EPA b and International Code Council of function of a hospital could prevent the treatment These references and others are sources of of many patients over a period of months. For plaster, add 0. Values given represent averages. In some cases there is a considerable range of weight for the same construction. The value in this table is intended to account for occasional light storage or suspension of items.

If it may be necessary to support the weight of maintenance personnel, this shall be provided for. Reasons are given in Section C7. Educational Resources. Multimedia Gallery. Web Tools. Board on Geographic Names. The National Map. USGS Library. USGS Store. Park Passes. News Releases. Featured Stories. Science Snippets. Technical Announcements. Employees in the News. Get Our News. As with any spreadsheet I post I believe it to be correct but there are no guarantees.

Please do not substitute this spreadsheet for good engineering judgement. You will need to enable macros to use this spreadsheet. Craig Brinck All Rights Reserved. This spreadsheet helps the connection designer to quickly calculate the max beam reaction before the beam failure under uniformly distributed load for connection design purpose. Workbook for ice load analysis on structural steel members, per the ASCE code. For snow load and snow drift analysis per the ASCE code.

The spreadsheet has been developed with the goal of producing calculations to show compliance with Eurocodes EN Carlo Sigmund, from Italy. The application is created by Yo Ratanapeanchai, SE. This application can auto-generate seismic design base shear and distribute story forces based on any combination of criteria - a much better alternative to USGS ground motion parameter calculator. This is spreadsheet workbook for the purpose of considering the thermal effects for a steel building or structure.