Program against african trypanosomiasis

Beyond the elimination of HAT as public health problem, there is a pressing need to develop the strategies and intensify selected interventions towards the following target, the elimination as interruption of HAT transmission zero cases for the gambiense form of the disease. In this prospective scenario, adapted and cost-effective strategies are bound to rely more heavily on disease surveillance, and the sustained commitment of donors will be crucial.

Also, clarifying the epidemiological role played by human asymptomatic carriers, by parasites in the skin, and by the possible animal reservoirs in gambiense HAT epidemiology, will be essential, as they may pose a threat to the full interruption of transmission, and to avert its resurgence or reintroduction [ 24 , 25 ]. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps presented in this paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO and FAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Results Trends for the two primary indicators of elimination are on track for the goal: 2, cases of HAT were reported in as compared to the milestone of 4, cases , and for the period — , km 2 are estimated to be at moderate risk or higher i. Discussion Elimination of HAT as a public health problem by seems within reach, as the epidemiological trends observed in previous years are confirmed in this latest monitoring update.

Author summary Human African trypanosomiasis HAT , also known as sleeping sickness, is a rare disease today, but throughout the 20 th century it has demonstrated its potential for devastating epidemics. Introduction Since the beginning of the 21 st century, and following the reinforcement of control and surveillance activities against human African trypanosomiasis HAT , the number of reported cases has been decreasing steadily [ 1 , 2 ].

Materials and methods Ethics statement The research does not directly involve human participants. Methods The methods used to estimate the global indicators of HAT elimination have already been described in previous biennial updates, most notably for [ 8 ] and [ 9 ].

Results Number of HAT cases reported annually The decreasing trend observed for this indicator in previous years has continued. Download: PPT. Fig 1. Total number of reported cases of HAT gambiense and rhodesiense per year — Table 1.

Table 2. Fig 2. Number of people screened by active case-finding surveys, in countries endemic for T. Geographic distribution of HAT Fig 3A shows the geographic distribution of sleeping sickness cases for the 5-year period — Gambiense HAT. Rhodesiense HAT. Fig 4. Trends in areas at risk of gambiense and rhodesiense HAT where the disease is still considered as a public health problem — to — Population at risk of HAT. Population at risk potentially covered by fixed health facilities with capacities for HAT diagnosis and treatment Survey and mapping of fixed health facilities.

Population at risk potentially covered by fixed health facilities. Table 3. Discussion Data for the biennium — show that the epidemiological situation of HAT is following the trends observed in previous years — , thus indicating further progress towards the goal of elimination of HAT as a public health problem by Conclusions Progress in the indicators to monitor HAT elimination, backed by the Atlas of HAT, shows a robust and sustained trend towards the goal i.

Supporting information. S1 File. Area at risk of gambiense and rhodesiense HAT. Period — by country. S2 File. Population at risk of gambiense and rhodesiense HAT. Period — by country and global trends from — to — S3 File. Fixed health facilities offering different types of diagnosis and treatment of gambiense and rhodesiense HAT by country. S4 File. Geographic distribution of fixed health facilities offering different types of diagnosis and treatment of gambiense and rhodesiense HAT. Disclaimers The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps presented in this paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO and FAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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Use insect repellent. Permethrin-impregnated clothing and insect repellent have not been proved to be particularly effective against tsetse flies, but they will prevent other insect bites that can cause illness.

To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address. What's this? Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Host susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis: trypanotolerance. Adv Parasitol. Responses of bovine chimaeras combining trypanosomosis resistant and susceptible genotypes to experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense.

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