Fingerprints pdf

So, a new approach will be needed timesheets getting lost or manipulated. It also saves a lot of time for the to handle this process. This motivates us to design a reliable system for payroll department since automated systems usually have integrated student attendance. The Biometric Identification Systems are widely reporting functionalities which take care of most of the pay processing.

Also, the use of biometric features in Radio Frequency Identification Cards Based Attendance System [1], student attendance management system is a secure approach. Biometric time and attendance system has Ear Visual Biometric , Eyes Iris Recognition and Retina Recognition , brought more precise system to measure group or individuals activities Face Recognition Visual Biometric , Fingerprint Recognition Visual and attendance as well.

Designing and developing a student Systems [9]. In this project work, fingerprint-based attendance system attendance system based on fingerprint recognition manages records has been introduced for automatically monitoring and calculating the for attendance in the departments like CSE department of Jatiya Kabi student attendances in a class. Kazi Nazrul Islam University will be hassles-free, accurate and save valuable time of students as well as teachers for conducting the classes.

If the matching score is less than a predefined threshold, the input image is said to have successfully matched with the template. Fingerprints are considered to be the best and fastest method for biometric identification. They are secure to use, unique for every person and do not change in ones life time.

A fingerprint recognition Methodological Steps system operates either in verification mode or in identification mode [10]. Automated fingerprint identification is the process of The methodological steps of the system are pictures by the block automatically matching one or many unknown fingerprints against a diagrams and shown in Figure The proposed system has the database of known and unknown prints. Automated fingerprint following five major components.

On a technical level, b Data Acquisition with Fingerprints verification systems verify a claimed identity a user might claim to be c Fingerprint Processing John by presenting his PIN or ID card and verify his identity using his d Fingerprint Verification fingerprint , whereas identification systems determine identity based e Attendance Report Generation solely on fingerprints.

The matching algorithm plays a key role in a fingerprint recognition system. Matching algorithms are used to compare previously stored templates of fingerprints against candidate fingerprints for authentication purposes [11]. Two majorly used algorithms are Pattern-based or image-based algorithms and Minutia Feature extraction based algorithms [12]. Pattern based algorithms compare the basic fingerprint patterns arch, whorl, and loop between a previously stored template and a candidate fingerprint.

Other algorithms use minutiae features on the finger. The major Minutia features are ridge ending, bifurcation, and short ridge or dot [13]. The ridge ending is the point at which a ridge terminates. Bifurcations are points at which a single ridge splits into two ridges.

Short ridges or dots are ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint. Minutiae and patterns are very important in the analysis of fingerprints since no two fingers have been shown to be identical. The Minutia Feature extraction based algorithm has been used for matching the fingerprint templates in this project work. User and Device Interface User Interface is the communication between a user and the system. In the proposed system there are three panels, as shown in Figure One is for the admin, one is for the teacher and the last one is for the student.

Admin have to login the system in two ways. One is by providing the admins fingerprint and another way is to provide the username and password. Binarization converts gray scale image into binary image by fixing the threshold value. The pixel values above and below the threshold are set to 1 and 0 respectively. Its the most critical task in the fingerprint matching system. The binarized image is thinned using Block Filter to reduce the thickness of all ridge lines to a single pixel width to extract minutiae points effectively.

Thinning preserves outermost pixels by placing white pixels at the boundary of the image, as a result first five and last five rows, first five and last five columns are assigned value of one. The minutiae location and the minutiae angles are derived after minutiae extraction. The terminations which lie at the outer boundaries are not considered as minutiae points and Crossing Number issued to locate the minutiae points in fingerprint image.

Crossing Number is defined as half of the sum of differences between intensity values of two adjacent pixels. If crossing Number is 1, 2 and 3 or greater than 3 then minutiae points are classified as Termination, Normal ridge and Bifurcation respectively. To compare the input fingerprint data with the template data Minutiae matching is used. For efficient matching Figure 3: System User Interface.

During the matching process, each input minutiae point is compared with template Admin can add a students information, can add course, can assign minutiae point. In each case, template and input minutiae are selected courses to the teacher, can see the student and teacher report and can as reference points for their respective data sets.

The reference points view the all students information at any time. The user interface also are used to convert the remaining data points to polar coordinates. All the information about the student the differences using distance measures techniques [15]. The matching and teacher are taken through these form. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, PDF: , Fingerprint Processing When a student enrolls his finger on the devices scanner sensor, the device scans the edge and ridge of the finger.

Then it set some value from the position of that ridges and edges and combines them. Finally from this point of fingers ridge and edge the device create binary template that is known as fingerprint template. The proposed system used these templates in the further steps, such as identification and verification. Fingerprint Identification and Verification Student Identification should be done by students fingerprint.

For identification, the device scans the ridge and edge of the finger and creates a template. The system searches all the templates that are stored in the system database and matches with each saved template. If the templates match with the existing template then all the information of Figure 4: Block Diagram of Admin Panel. But if the template is not matched with any existing template In teacher panel, every teacher gets a profile after registration.

This then the system notifies that the user is not the valid student of the profile shows all the basic information about the teacher. Admin assign department. The teacher can take the student attendances through the different courses to different teacher. When a course is assigned to a fingerprint of the student by using fingerprint verification process.

Then the teacher can take attendance to each class both by manually or through fingerprint. In student panel, student can only verify themselves through their fingerprint. When a student enrolls his finger the device collects his fingerprint template and matches this template with the entire stored template. The system made the successful connection of fingerprint device with the computer, referred as fingerprint device interface. Data Acquisition with Fingerprint The system received the students Information by filled in the registration form and the students fingerprints from the fingerprint scanner as input, as shown in Figure 5.

The fingerprint scanner can read fingerprints of any or more fingers of the both hands. In this template table the key field is the student roll number.

By this roll number all the templates are Taking Class Attendance differed from one another. Teacher can take attendance through the fingerprint of the student. The process was done by fingerprint verification. The verified students attendances were stored in the attendance database. He began to gain public recognition for his process later the same year, when he positively identified an imposter. This success, at the time, vindicated anthropometry and assured Bertillon of continued acceptance in France and other countries.

He went on to become director of the identification bureau of the Paris police, and other police agencies began using his system. Bertillonage was ultimately undone by clear evidence that different individuals can have the same anthropometric measurements. His Bertillon measurements were taken. The records clerk thought he looked familiar, although West denied having been there before.

After initial confusion, they brought both Will West and William West together in the same room- they looked identical, although they were said to be unrelated. This was just the case fingerprint advocates were looking for. They quickly demonstrated that they could infallibly distinguish one individual from the other. Juan Vucetich Juan Vucetich was a fingerprint pioneer from the Western Hemisphere who devised a classification system for fingerprints that was used in Argentina and throughout South America.

While working at La Plata Police Department in Argentina, Vucetich became convinced that fingerprints were a valuable tool in criminal identification. He wrote a book on the subject in The first recorded case in which fingerprints were used to solve a crime took place in Argentina in The illegitimate children of a woman named Rojas were murdered June 18, Rojas had acted distraught and accused a man called Velasquez, whom she said committed the act because she had refused to marry him.

However, Velasquez had an alibi and maintained his innocence. When confronted, Rojas confessed to the murder of her children. Mark Twain Novels Well known American novelist Mark Twain made a significant contribution to the promotion of fingerprints as a means of identification through his crime novels. Henry contributed to the Bertillon measurements by adding the left thumbprint to each anthropometric card.

He realized that such an impression yielded a more effective print for identification. Henry had been posted to India as the Commissioner of Police in , and while working with Bengali officers Khan Bahadur Azizul Haque and Rai Bahaden Hem Chandra Bose, he developed an entirely functional and workable system with 1, primary classifications. Sadly, these contributions were overlooked for many years after. Soon after his return to the UK around , Henry was appointed Commissioner of Metropolitan Police and Criminal Identification at Scotland Yard, and his classification system with both primary and secondary references became the international standard for fingerprint classification.

Henry held this role until Mona Lisa Case Alphonse Bertillon distinguished himself in as the first person in Europe to solve a murder using fingerprint evidence.

Bertillon met with failure, however, in trying to solve the outstanding theft of the Mona Lisa, stolen from the Louvre on August 21, The thief had left a clear thumbprint on the glass that had covered the priceless painting, but Bertillon had no system of classification for his thousands of cards with fingerprints. He and his assistants searched in vain through the files for several months.

Into the 20th Century Fingerprinting for criminal identification was established in England Scotland Yard and the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. By in North America, fingerprints were in use by the New York City civil service to prevent impersonations. By , fingerprint technicians were so numerous that the International Association for Identification was created.

In , the US Congress funded and created, at the then Bureau of Investigation now known as the FBI , the Identification Division responsible for a central repository of fingerprint files. Another aim of this Division was to standardize the use of fingerprinting in the USA. Edmond Locard Edmond Locard was qualified in both medicine and law and was also a student of Bertillon.

In , Locard was appointed as head of what was then a little police laboratory in Lyon, France. Locard proceeded to create this laboratory into a highly skilled and innovative facility. Locard stated that if twelve compatible points are present in a sharp, clear print, the identity is certain. JFK Case Fingerprints have played a very significant role in modern crime detection. Kennedy on November 22, During examination by the Dallas Police crime lab, the Mannlicher- Carcano rifle that had been found on the 6th floor of the Texas Book Depository, revealed a latent partial palm print belonging to Lee Harvey Oswald.

In , latent fingerprints on a rifle led to the arrest of James Earl Ray for the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. AFIS does this through the use of computer technology and specially coded digital images that can be searched and compared. It is not easy to give just one answer in regard to who exactly implemented the very first AFIS, though there are widely accepted milestones along the path of AFIS development.

The value of standards for transmission of finger images and related data was recognized not only in North America, but also in European countries. Today, AFIS processing makes it possible to search latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against an entire collection of fingerprints files. In one case, a serial killer who had terrorized Los Angeles with fifteen murders was identified in just twenty minutes once AFIS was introduced to the investigation.

The English plant morphologist Dr. Nehemiah Grew, studied and described the ridges, furrows and pores of both the human hands and feet. Mar8n Luther King Jr. References: Axelrod A. Alpha Books, ISBN , James S. Forensic Science. CRC Press, Komarinski P. Lee H. Advances in Fingerprint Technology. Maltoni D. Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition.

Springer, Nickell J. Crime Science. University Press of Kentucky, Trimm H. Forensics the Easy Way. Barron's Educational Series, Unger R. The Crossing Press, Vacca J. Biometric Technologies and Verification Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann, Walton R. Cold Cases Homicides. ISBN X, Woodward J. McGraw-Hill Professional, Download PDF.