「露山堂」山口県・“Rozan do” Yamaguchi Pref
「露山堂・ろざんどう」山口県山口市
山口を代表する観光名所「瑠璃光寺五重塔」で有名な香山公園の一画に、茶室「露山堂」があります。この茶室は文久3年(1863年)4月、藩庁を萩から山口に移し現在の山口県庁の場所に政事堂を建てた萩藩主・毛利敬親・もうりたかちか(1819-1871)が設けた茶室でした。この茶室は一露山という名前の山の麓(現・山口県庁舎の正面付近)に建てられたので、一露山の一の字を省いて「露山堂」と敬親により名付けられました。
敬親は、茶の湯を隠れ蓑に身分の上下にかからわず家来たちをこの茶室に集め、実際は幕府に対する謀り事の議論を重ねていたのです。
露山堂は、廃藩の後は他の場所に移築され、持ち主も数人かわり、使用されることもなく崩れ落ちていきました。これを知った、敬親の側近を長く務めた品川弥二郎は、その由緒ある建物が朽ち果てるのを惜しみ、志を同じくする人々とともに資金を集め茶室を買収。明治24年(1891年)4月、現在の場所に移築しました。このとき、茶室の周りに庭もつくられました。
新たにつくられた庭は茶室の庭・露地としてはめずらしく池があり、その中心に島があります。この島は土がない一種の岩島ですが、地元産の花崗岩がもつ自然の形を活かして大胆に組み合わせた大変ユニークな島なのです。このような手法は他の地方の庭園ではあまり見かけません。この島の形状は亀頭石とおぼしき石が見られることから「亀島」のように見えますが、見る方向によって全く違う形となり、蓬莱島や須弥山にも見えてきます。さらに池をとりまく護岸には美しい石組みのユニットが間隔を開けて複数据えられており、それらのなかでも特に美しいものは古代中国に由来する東西南北を守護する神獣、または4つの神仙島を表しているのかもしれません。この露山堂の庭園が作られた頃、京都では山口出身の山県有朋が七代目小川治兵衛(植治)を起用して無鄰菴をつくり、明治ならではの新しい庭園文化を花開かせようとしていました。やがて山口にも松田屋ホテルに植治チームにより無鄰菴に準ずる新しい庭園が作られました。そんな時代にありながら露山堂の庭は時代の流れに逆行するとも思えるような古代中国復古を示しています。なぜなのでしょう?その理由は江戸時代~明治にかけて山口の武家階級は儒教や孟子などをはじめとする古代中国の思想に大きな影響を受けていたことに起因すると思われます。この露山堂の池の設えはその現れなのでしょう。日本庭園はその土地の自然風土や歴史と深く結びついているのです。また、わたしはこの島を見ていると同じ山口県内の防府市にある「石の上に石をのせた他に例を見ない大胆な手法」で有名な「月の桂の庭」(江戸時代)を思い出します。山口県をはじめとする中国地方には山頂付近に花崗岩を露出させた山並みが続く景観があり、その特徴的な自然環境が作庭にも影響を与えているのではないかと思えるのです。さらに、この庭では茶室から池へとむかって続く飛び石の列に出雲流庭園の影響が見られます。もともと山口は隣接する島根とも多くの文化を共有してきました。ここにもまたこの地域だけの特徴が見られるのです。
露山堂の庭園は明治と言う新しい時代の華やかさとは無縁のローカルな庭です。だからといって価値がないわけではありません。それは山口の歴史文化風土と深く結びついて山口が営々と培った土壌でしか見ることができない素晴らしい庭なのです。私はこの池の中央に浮かぶ島を初めて見たとき、力強く独創性に溢れた造形美に感動を覚えずにはいられませんでした。それは日本の地方にまで広まって深く根付いた庭園文化の豊かさを私達に教えてくれているのです。わたしは日本人として誠に誇らしく思いました。
この露山堂では毎年春と秋に地元の茶道家たちにより茶会が催され観光客に抹茶がふるまわれています。
露山堂のそばに幕末に西郷隆盛らが会合した「沈流亭・ちんりゅうてい」が移築保存されています。是非こちらもあわせて見学してください。
◼︎名称:「露山堂」
◼︎住所:山口県山口市香山町1-14(香山公園内)
◼︎TEL : 083-928-6446
◼︎拝観料:無料
◼︎公開時間:24時間(明るい時間帯推奨、夜間は安全上お勧めしません)
◼︎休館日:香山公園の公開に準ずる。
◼︎駐車場:露山堂に隣接して無料駐車場有り。
◼︎アクセス:山口駅からバスで5分。(瑠璃光寺五重塔とあわせて見学するのが便利)
“Rozan do” Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture
There is a pond garden in the tea room "Rozan do" in the south of Kouzan Park where the five-storied pagoda of Rurikoji Temple is located. This tea room was created in April 1863 by Takachika Mouri (1819-1871), the feudal lord of Yamaguchi who moved the domain office from Hagi to Yamaguchi and built a political facility on the site of the current Yamaguchi Prefectural Office. It was a tea room. At that time, Takachika built this tea house at the foot of a mountain near political facility (currently on the site of the Yamaguchi Prefectural Office) and named it Rozan do.
Takachika pretended to enjoy the tea ceremony and gathered his retainers at Rozan do, regardless of their status, while in reality they were discussing plots against the shogunate.
After the Meiji Restoration, Rozan do was relocated to another location, changed owners, and fell into disrepair without being used. Yajiro Shinagawa, who had served as Takachika's close aide for a long time, learned of this and, regretting the decay of the historic building, gathered funds with like-minded people and purchased the tea room. In April 1891, it was relocated to its current location. The garden around the tea room was created at this time.
This garden has a pond, which is rare for a tea room garden/roji, and there is an island in the center of it. This island is a kind of rocky island without soil, and it is a very unique island that boldly combines the natural shapes of local granite. This technique is rarely seen in other rural gardens.
However, when I look at this island, there is only one garden that I can remember. It is the Tsuki no Katsura Garden (Edo period), which is also famous for its bold technique of placing stones on stones in Hofu City, also in Yamaguchi Prefecture. In the Chugoku region, including Yamaguchi Prefecture, there is a natural landscape of mountains with exposed granite near the summit, and the unique natural environment has an impact on garden creation.
The shape of this island looks like "Turtle Island" because the rocks that look like glans stones can be seen. On the bank surrounding the pond, there are a number of beautiful stonework units placed at intervals, the main ones of which may represent the four Shinsen islands. This revival of ancient China, which seems to go against the new era of the Meiji era, is thought to be due to the fact that the Yamaguchi samurai class was greatly influenced by ancient Chinese thought, including Mencius, from the Edo period to the Meiji period. will be split. The setting of this Rozan do pond may be said to be a manifestation of that. Japanese gardens are deeply connected to the natural climate and history of the land.
In this garden, the influence of the Izumo-ryu garden can be seen in the row of stepping stones leading from the tea room to the pond. Yamaguchi originally shared culture with neighboring Shimane. Here, too, local traditions can be found.
Around the time when this Rozando garden was created, Aritomo Yamagata, who was born in Yamaguchi, appointed Ogawa Jihei (Ueji) VII to create Murin-an, and is trying to bring about a new garden culture unique to the Meiji era. bottom. Before long, a new garden similar to Murin-an was created by the Ueji team at the Matsudaya Hotel in Yamaguchi. Despite such an era, the garden of Rozando shows a revival of ancient China that seems to go against the flow of the times. Why? The reason for this is thought to be that from the Edo period to the Meiji period, the Yamaguchi samurai class was greatly influenced by ancient Chinese thought, including Confucianism and Mencius. The setting of the pond in Rozando is probably a manifestation of this. Japanese gardens are deeply connected to the natural climate and history of the land. Also, when I am looking at this island, I am in Hofu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture. reminds me of In the Chugoku region, including Yamaguchi Prefecture, there is a landscape of mountains with exposed granite near the summit, and it seems that the characteristic natural environment has an impact on garden creation. And in this garden you can see the influence of the Izumo style garden in the row of stepping stones. Originally, Yamaguchi has shared many cultures with neighboring Shimane. Here, too, we can see the unique characteristics of this region.
Rozando's garden is a local garden that has nothing to do with the splendor of the new era called Meiji. That doesn't mean it's worthless. It is a splendid garden that can only be seen in the soil cultivated by Yamaguchi, which is deeply connected to Yamaguchi's history, culture, and natural climate. When I first saw the island floating in the middle of this pond, I couldn't help but be moved by its powerful and original beauty. It teaches us the richness of the garden culture that has spread to the regions of Japan and is deeply rooted. As a Japanese, I am very proud.
Every year in spring and autumn, local tea masters hold tea ceremonies at Rozando, where visitors are treated to matcha green tea.
Next to Rozando, ``Shinryutei/Chinryutei,'' where Takamori Saigo and others met at the end of the Edo period, has been relocated and preserved. Please also visit
◼︎Name: “Rozan do”
◼︎Address: 1-14 Kayamacho, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture (inside Kouzan Park)
◼︎TEL: 083-928-6446
◼︎Admission fee: Free
◼︎Public hours: 24 hours (bright time recommended, not recommended for safety at night)
◼︎Closed days: According to the park's open days.
◼︎Parking lot: There is a free parking lot at Rozando.
◼︎Access: 5 minutes by bus from Yamaguchi Station.