Exploring 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0): Properties, Applications, and Synthesis

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) is an important organic compound that finds utility in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and chemical synthesis.

What is 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0)?

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0), also known as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, is an aromatic aldehyde characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO) attached to a benzene ring. Its unique functional groups contribute to its reactivity and usefulness in diverse applications.

Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) are key to understanding its behavior in various reactions:

Molecular Structure: The compound has a molecular formula of C7H6O2, featuring a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group in the para position relative to the aldehyde.

Physical Properties: 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) is a pale yellow liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. It has a melting point of approximately 4 °C and a boiling point of around 196 °C.

Solubility: This compound is soluble in alcohol, ether, and most organic solvents, but only slightly soluble in water, which affects its usage in various formulations.

Applications in Pharmaceuticals

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry:

Intermediate in Drug Synthesis: It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Antioxidant Properties: Studies suggest that 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) may possess antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial in developing health supplements and functional foods.

Applications in Fragrance and Cosmetics

In the fragrance and cosmetics industry, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) is valued for its scent and properties:

Fragrance Component: Its pleasant aroma makes it a popular ingredient in perfumes and scented products, contributing to floral and fruity notes.

Preservative: 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) can also act as a preservative in cosmetic formulations, helping to prolong shelf life and maintain product stability.

Synthesis of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0)

The synthesis of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) can be achieved through several methods:

Hydrolysis of 4-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol: One common method involves the oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which can be achieved using oxidizing agents such as chromic acid.

Reimer-Tiemann Reaction: This reaction involves treating phenol with chloroform and a base, yielding 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as a product.

Benzene Derivatives: Another method includes the formylation of phenolic compounds, leading to the formation of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0).

Safety and Handling

When working with 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0), it is important to adhere to safety guidelines:

Toxicity: 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde can cause skin irritation and eye damage upon contact. It is recommended to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling the compound.

Storage Conditions: Store 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (123-08-0) in a cool, dry place away from light and heat sources to prevent degradation.