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This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Panipat district. For the film, see Panipat (film).
Panipat City Raja Hemu Samadhi Sthal Panipat Location in Haryana, India Panipat Panipat (India) Coordinates: 29°23′N 76°58′E / 29. 39°N 76. 97°E Coordinates: 29°23′N 76°58′E / 29. 97°E Country India State Haryana District Panipat Elevation 219 m (719 ft) Population (2011) [1] • Total 295, 970 Language • Official Hindi, Punjabi • Regional Haryanvi Time zone UTC+5:30 ( IST) PIN 132103 Telephone code 0180 ISO 3166 code IN-HR Vehicle registration HR-06 (Private Vehicles)
HR-67 (Commercial Vehicles) Website
Panipat ( pronunciation ( help · info)), is a historic city in Haryana, India. It is 90 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH -1. The three major battles fought near the city in 1526, 1556 and 1761 were all turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India as the "City of Weavers" and "Textile City". It is also known as the "cast-off capital" due to being "the global centre for recycling textiles". [2]
History [ edit]
Panipat district was carved out from the erstwhile Karnal district on 1 November 1989. On 24 July 1991 it was again merged with Karnal district. On 1 January 1992, it again became a separate district. According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata; its historic name was Pandavaprastha ( Sanskrit: पाण्डवप्रस्थ, lit. city of Pandavas) Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history. Panipat is first recorded in the Mahabharata as one of the five villages that the Pandavas demanded from Duryodhana. The five villages are the "panch pat":
Panaprastha (now known as Panipat)
Suvarnaprastha (now known as Sonipat)
Indraprastha (now known as Delhi)
Vyaghraprastha became Baghpat (now known as Baghpat)
Tilaprastha (now known as Tilpat)
The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, the Afghan Sultan of Delhi, and the Turko-Mongol warlord Babur, who later established Mughal rule in Northern Indian subcontinent. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers. This first battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in Delhi.
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a Hindu King of Delhi. [3] [4] Hem Chandra, who had captured states like Agra and Delhi defeating Akbar's army and declared himself as independent king after a coronation on 7th Oct. 1556 at Purana Quila in Delhi, had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly he was struck by an arrow in the eye and fell unconscious. On not seeing him in his howdah on the back of an elephant, his army fled. Dead Hemu was carried to Akbar's camp where Bairam Khan beheaded him [5] His head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza, and his torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. The place of martyrdom of Raja Hemu is now a famous shrine in Panipat.
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan and Baloch invaders. The Maratha Empire was led by Sadashivrao Bhau Peshwa with Dattaji shinde Dattaji and the Afghans were led by Ahmadshah Abdali. The Afghans had a total strength of 110, 000 soldiers, and the Marathas had 75, 000 soldiers and 100, 000 pilgrims. The Maratha soldiers were unable to get food because of non-cooperation of other empires of Hindustan (India and Pakistan were not separated) and this resulted in having to eat the dead in the battle field to survive. Both the sides fought their heart out. The Afghans were supported by Najib-ud-Daula and Shuja-ud-Daula for the supply of food, and the Maratha had pilgrims along with them, who were unable to fight, including female pilgrims. On 14 January, over 100, 000 soldiers died resulting in the victory for the Afghans. However, after the victory, the Afghans facing a hostile North India, retreated to Afghanistan to avoid casualties. This battle served as a precursor for British Empire to establish Company rule in India as most of North and Northwest Indian princely states were weakened. [6]
Geography [ edit]
Panipat is located at 29°23′N 76°58′E / 29. 97°E. [7] It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet).
Demographics [ edit]
As per 2011 census, the city had a population of 294, 292. [1] Panipat's urban agglomeration had a population of 295, 970. The literacy rate was about 83%. [8]
Landmarks [ edit]
Hemu's Samadhi Sthal [ edit]
The wounded Hemu was captured by Shah Quli Khan in the Second Battle of Panipat and carried to the Mughal camp at Shodapur on Jind Road at Panipat. [9] According to Badayuni, [10] Bairam Khan asked Akbar to behead Hemu so that he could earn the title of Ghazi. Akbar replied, "He is already dead, if he had any strength for a duel, I would have killed him. " After Akbar's refusal Hemu's body was denied honour by the Mughal battle tradition and was unceremoniously beheaded by Bairam Khan. Hemu's head was sent to Kabul where it was hung outside the Delhi Darwaza while his body was placed in a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise his supporters, who were mainly his subjects, both the Muslims and Hindus. [11]
Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb [ edit]
It was one of Sher Shah Suri ’s dying regrets that he could never fulfill his intention of erecting a tomb to the fallen monarch Ibrahim Lodhi. Much later, in 1866, the British relocated the tomb which was just a simple grave during construction of the Grand Trunk Road and added a platform to it with an inscription highlighting Ibrahim Lodhi’s death in the Battle of Panipat. [12] [13] [14]
Babur's Kabuli Bagh Mosque [ edit]
The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with the Kabuli Bagh Mosque and a tank were built by Babur after the First Battle of Panipat to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Sher Shah Suri near Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it ‘Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inscription 934 Hijri (1557 CE). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur's wife – Mussammat Kabuli begum.
Kala Amb [ edit]
According to tradition, the site 8 km from Panipat and 42 km from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his Maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence. The site is being developed and beautified by a society presided over by the Governor of Haryana.
Panipat Syndrome [ edit]
The term ‘’Panipat Syndrome‘’ has entered the lexicon as the lack of decisive action, preparedness and strategic thinking by Indian leaders thus allowing an invading army to enter well inside their territory, which was based on the defeat of the Marathas by the Afghans at the Third battle of Panipat. It was coined by Air Commodore Jasjit Singh. [15] [16] [17] [18]
Connectivity [ edit]
National Highway 44 (India) is a major road network that connects Panipat to Grand Trunk road network. [19]
Panipat is connected to all major Indian cities via Panipat Junction railway station [20]
References [ edit]
^ a b "Panipat City Population Census 2011"..
^ "Panipat, the global centre for recycling textiles, is fading". The Economist. 7 September 2017.
^ Richards, John F., ed. (1995) [1993]. The Mughal Empire. The New Cambridge History of India (7th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780521566032. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
^ Kolff, Dirk H. A. (2002). Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850. p. 163. ISBN 9780521523059. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
^ Abdul Quadir Badayuni, Muntkhib-ul-Tawarikh, Volume 1, page 6
^ The third battle of Panipat
^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Panipat, India"..
^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
^ Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals: Part I: Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526). Har-Anand Publications. pp. 91–93. ISBN 9788124110669. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
^ George Bruce Malleson (2001). Akbar and the rise of the Mughal Empire. Genesis Publishing Pvt. Ltd. p. 71. ISBN 9788177551785.
^ "Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi". Archived from the original on 14 May 2008.
^ "Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb in Panipat India"..
^ The tale of the missing Lodi tomb The Hindu, Jul 04, 2005.
^
^ "Raja Mandala: Breaking the Panipat syndrome". 4 October 2016.
^ "Why India suffers from the Panipat Syndrome".
^ Battle of Panipat commute to Delhi
^ "Arrivals at Panipat Junction". indiarailinfo. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
External links [ edit]
Panipat travel guide from Wikivoyage
"Panipat". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed. 1911.
v t e State of Haryana Capital: Chandigarh Topics
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Places of interest Sarasvati Civilisation (Indus Valley Civilization - IVC)
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Pinjore Fort
Raipur Rani Fort
Fort of King Saras of Sirsa
Tosham Hill Fort
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Dhosi Hill near Narnaul
Kotla Hill in Mewat
Indor Hill in Mewat
Madhogarh Hill near Mahendragarh
Mahendragarh Hill
Morni Hills in Yamuna Nagar
Tosham Hill in Bhiwani
Caves
Chyvan Rishi Cave at Dhosi Hill
Tosham Hill Caverns
Nar Narayan Cave in Yamuna Nagar
Historical
Bhima Devi Temple Complex at Pinjore
Dhosi Hill
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Mughal Bridge at Kernal
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Nahar Singh Mahal
Narnaul
Pataudi Palace
Pinjore Gardens
Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple
Surajkund
Tomb of Saikh Taiyab at Kaithal
Tosham rock inscription
State Protected Monuments
Monuments of National Importance
National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana
Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary
Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary
Kalesar National Park
Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary
Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary
Morni
Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary
Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary
Sohna
Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary
Endangered Wildlife Breeding
Chinkara Breeding Centre Kairu, Bhiwani
Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra
Deer Park, Hisar
Kalesar Elephant Rehabilitation Centre
Pheasant Breeding Centre Morni
Pheasant Breeding Centre, Berwala
Peacock & Chinkara Breading Centre, Jhabua in Rewari district
Sparrow Conservation Centre, Pinjore
Vulture and Sparrow Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore
Zoos in Haryana
Bhiwani Zoo
Hisar Deer Park
Rohtak Zoo
Pipli Zoo
Herbal Parks
Shatavar Vatika Herbal Park, Hisar
Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Tosham
Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Kairu
Ch. Devi Lal Herbal Nature Park
Lakes
Badkhal Lake
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Eastern-most point: Kalesar village Yamuna riverbank in Yamuna Nagar District
Western-most point: Chautala - Sangari border road crossing in Sirsa district
Southern-most point: Kol Gaon hill in Ferozepur Jhirka tehsil of Gurgaon district
Northern-most point: Khokhra village riverbank north of Chandigarh-Baddi river bridge in Panchkula district
Highest-lowest of Haryana
Highest point: Karoh Peak in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district
Lowest natural Surface elevation point:
Deepest Underground Cave:
Coldest avg temp: Karoh Peak in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district
Hottest avg temp: Hisar
Wettest avg rainfall: Morni hills in Shivalik Hills of Panchkula district
Driest avg rainfall: Bhiwani
Oldest of Haryana
Oldest archaeological site: Rakhigarhi 4700 BC or 6700 years old Indus Valley Civilization in Hisar district
Oldest archaeological mine site: Kaliyana hill Indus Valley Civilization stone mine (3000 BC or 5000 years old) west of Charkhi Dadri
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Saiyid Muzaffar Husain Burney
Hari Anand Barari
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Babu Parmanand
Om Prakash Verma
Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
Jagannath Pahadia
Kaptan Singh Solanki
State agencies
Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam
Debt Conciliation Board
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Foreign Investment and NRI Cell
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Sports Venues
Chaudhary Bansi Lal Cricket Stadium
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Sector 16 Stadium
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Sanjay Dutt is surely gonna get Filmfare for his perfomance.
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I will never understand how Arjun Kapoor gets movies. He can destroy a movie single-handedly with his boring expressions. Totally miscast.
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The movie is so good, every actor did it their best! Sanjay dutt is best among all but Arjun and Kriti also did so good its surprising to see them in such films and even with good work! All credit goes to Ashutosh Govarikar he did it again! Its a Must watch movie. Panipat movie watch online. Thank you sir. Panipat watch online amazon prime. History clearly tells that if the Maratha army would have been properly fed the afgans would have been wiped out. Hungry for days before the actual battle n 14Jan,1761 n also without adequate water our brave soldiers had almost won the war by the afternoon. Abdalli was thinking of fleeing the battlefield. But unfortunately by noon due to dakshinayan where the sun is at its worst, the Maratha army got drained out completely. That's the only reason for our defeat. Despite being well fed, the afgans also lost thousands of their soldiers. Is haar ne to Hindustan aur Hindus ki kismat badal di. I observe every 14Jan as a black day.